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02/04/2025

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Reposted
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El Salvador’s millennial dictator offers to hold American criminals in mega prisons

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https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/02/04/nayib-bukele-migrants-marco-rubio-mega-prisons-el-salvador/
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Nayib Bukele, El Salvador’s millennial dictator, has offered to house migrants and “dangerous criminals” deported by the United States in his country’s infamous mega jails, according to Marco Rubio.

Mr Rubio, who is on his first overseas tour as US secretary of state, said this would include deportees of any nationality, including violent American citizens imprisoned in the US.

America’s top diplomat is seeking support from Central American countries for the new Trump administration’s attempts to deport large numbers of migrants.

Mr Rubio met with the president and senior officials at Mr Bukele’s residence on Lake Coatepeque outside the capital for almost three hours, where they agreed to go beyond El Salvador’s acceptance of its own deported citizens and to include migrants of all nationalities detained in the United States.

“Any… illegal immigrant in the United States who’s a dangerous criminal – MS-13, Tren de Aragua [criminal gangs], whatever it may be – he has offered his jails. We can send them and he will put them in his jails,” Mr Rubio said.

“And, he’s also offered to do the same for dangerous criminals currently in custody and serving their sentences in the United States, even though they’re US citizens or legal residents.”

Marco Rubio meets with Nayib Bukele during his visit to El Salvador as part of his tour of Central America
Marco Rubio meets with Nayib Bukele during his visit to El Salvador as part of his tour of Central America Credit: El Salvador Presidency/Anadolu
Mr Bukele confirmed the offer in a post on X, saying El Salvador has “offered the United States of America the opportunity to outsource part of its prison system”.

The president said his country would accept only “convicted criminals” and would charge a fee that “would be relatively low for the US but significant for us, making our entire prison system sustainable”.


Elon Musk, the billionaire working with Mr Trump to remake the federal government, responded on his X platform, “Great idea!!”.

After Mr Rubio spoke, a US official said the Trump administration had no current plans to try to deport American citizens, but said Mr Bukele’s offer was significant. The US government cannot deport American citizens and such a move would be met with significant legal challenges.


As well as smoothing the way for the US to send migrants back to their own countries, Mr Rubio is trying to secure “third country” agreements, in which nations accept citizens of other countries that will not accept deportees.

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Cuba and Venezuela, for instance, have frosty relations with the US and have in the past limited the number of deportees they will accept, although Mr Trump says Nicolas Maduro, Venezuela’s president, has agreed to accept back his country’s citizens.

Similar agreements involving the deportation of migrants have been pushed in Europe, including Britain’s failed Rwanda scheme and Italy’s deal with Albania, which is being challenged in the courts.

But Mr Bukele also offered to go a step further: to house dangerous criminals who are US citizens or legal residents, Mr Rubio said.

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It was not immediately clear whether the US would take up that offer. More details of the agreement would be forthcoming, he added.

One of El Salvador’s prisons, a so-called mega prison or “Terrorism Confinement Centre”, has garnered much attention under Mr Bukele. The vast 410-acre complex was opened in 2023 and has the capacity to hold 40,000 inmates. Pictures from inside the prison have shown row-upon-row of tattooed, shaven inmates in cramped conditions, sitting on the floor one behind the other.

The US state department’s website notes that prison conditions in El Salvador are “harsh and dangerous”.


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Secretary of State Marco Rubio confirmed that Bukele agreed to the migratory agreement that will see US deportees of any nationality locked up.

Rubio gloated that it was the most "unprecedented, extraordinary, migratory agreement anywhere in the world" following tense talks at Bukele's lakeside country house just outside of San Salvador.

He added that the Salvadoran president even "offered to do the same" for some of America's most dangerous criminals currently locked up in the US - despite being citizens or legal residents.

Rubio was visiting El Salvador on Monday to turn the screws on the country to meet Trump's demands for a major crackdown on immigration.

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Bukele confirmed the offer in a post on X, explaining that his country would only accept convicted criminals and would charge the US a "relatively low" fee.

Tesla tycoon and Trump's right-hand man Elon Musk responded to the post, writing, "Great idea!"

Bukele agreed to take back blood-thirsty Salvadoran MS-13 gang members residing in the US unlawfully, State Department spokesperson Tammy Bruce explained in a statement.

She added that the Salvadoran president also "promised to accept and incarcerate violent illegal immigrants, including members of the Venezuelan Tren de Aragua gang, but also criminal illegal migrants from any country."

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In regards to the country also accepting to lock up dangerous American criminals, Bruce dubbed it as an "extraordinary gesture never before extended by any country."

El Salvador is renowned for its brutal jails, especially the Terrorism Confinement Center mega-prison that houses some of the country's most dangerous gangsters.

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Trump's row with Colombia is a warning to all leaders
Incredible images show thousands of violent skinhead gangsters from the country's main gangs, MS-13 and Barrio 18, crammed into an inescapable mega-prison.

Pictures show rows and rows of prisoners sitting with their hands behind their shaved heads at the high-tech prison.

Other images reveal gang members stripped down to only white shorts running through the facility as prison officers armed with assault rifles guard the inmates.

Secretary of State Rubio spoke in San Salvador shortly after Trump shelved his punishing tariff plans for 30 days for Canada and Mexico in a last-gasp deal.

Illustration of Trump's border crackdown plan, showing border wall, troop deployment, and other measures.
Marco Rubio and Nayib Bukele shaking hands.
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US Secretary of State Marco Rubio meets with the President of El Salvador Nayib Bukele during his visit to the countryCredit: Getty
Portrait of Marco Rubio.
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President Bukele has agreed to take back Salvadoran MS-13 gang members residing in the US unlawfullyCredit: AP
After talks with the US president, Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum agreed to reinforce the northern border with 10,000 members of the country's National Guard.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau also said he would go ahead with a massive round of border security measures after crisis talks with Trump on Monday.

Rubio arrived in San Salvador shortly after witnessing a US-funded deportation flight with 43 migrants onboard leaving Panama for Colombia.

It came a day after Rubio delivered a stern warning to Panama that unless the government moved immediately to eliminate China's presence at the Panama Canal, the US would retake control.

The notion of El Salvador accepting foreign nationals arrested in the US for violating immigration laws is dubbed a "safe third country agreement."

Hundreds of shirtless gang members sit handcuffed in a prison, surrounded by guards.
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A group of 2,000 detainees are moved to the Terrorist Confinement CenterCredit: Handout - Getty
a large group of men with tattoos on their bodies are sitting on the ground
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Gang members, cuffed and stripped to their underwear, are watched by guards carrying assault rifles
Handout photo of handcuffed gang members kneeling in a prison, guarded by police officers.
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Inmates' ankles and hands are shackled together in one of El Salvador's brutal jailsCredit: AFP
Gang members behind bars in a prison.
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Heavily tattooed gang members are crammed into cellsCredit: AFP
Officials have hinted that this could be an option for brutal Venezuelan gang members convicted of crimes in the US if Venezuela were to refuse to accept them.

Meanwhile, human rights activists have warned that El Salvador lacks a consistent policy for the treatment of asylum seekers and refugees - arguing that the agreement might not be limited to violent criminals.

Manuel Flores, the secretary general of the leftist opposition party Farabundo Mart National Liberation Front, slammed the safe third-country plan and said it would signal that the region is Washington's "backyard to dump the garbage."

Following the meeting with Bukele, Rubio signed a memorandum of understanding - a non-binding agreement that outlines their intentions to work together - with his Salvadoran counterpart.

This is to advance US and El Salvador civil nuclear cooperation, which could eventually lead to a more formal deal involving medicine, too.

The deportation flight Rubio witnessed being loaded in Panama City contained migrants detained by Panamanian authorities after illegally crossing the Darien Gap from Colombia.

The State Department claimed such deportations sent a message of deterrence.

The US has thrown financial assistance at Panama to the tune of nearly $2.7 million in flights and tickets since an agreement was signed to fund them.

Rubio stood on the tarmac and personally watched as the flight to Colombia containing 32 men and 11 women took off.

Witnessing a law enforcement operation of this kind is known to be very unusual for a Secretary of State to do - especially in front of the cameras.

Speaking afterward, Rubio said, "Mass migration is one of the great tragedies in the modern era.

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"It impacts countries throughout the world.

"We recognize that many of the people who seek mass migration are often victims and victimized along the way, and it's not good for anyone."

How Trump’s migrant standoff with Colombia is warning to all leaders

By James Halpin, Foreign News Reporter
DONALD Trump's migrant standoff with Colombia was a signal to all world leaders - and shows nothing is off the table, an expert said.America's allies will have to "roll with the punches" as the president brings his America First agenda back to the world stage.Colombia caved and accepted the return of its own illegal immigrants after Trump threatened to hit the South American nation with tariffs and sanctions.Trump had planned to slap a 25 per cent tariff on Colombian imports - and revoke the visas of government officials.The row came after Colombia stopped two US military aircraft packed with their own citizens from landing in the country last Sunday.Just two hours after Trump's threat, Bogota did a U-turn and agreed to accept migrants with the White House then dropping the threat.Defiant Don later posted a computer-generated image of him standing beside a sign reading FAFO - which usually stands for "f**k around, find out".Foreign policy analyst Michael O'Hanlon, from the Brookings Institute, said the migrant standoff was a clear warning to world leaders.Bogota's backdown will encourage Trump to threaten allies more, he added.Trump now appears to have a "willingness not to play Mr Nice guy on the world stage" with his second presidency.O'Hanlon told The Sun: "I think Trump has realized that - legally and otherwise - the tariff option is a attractive one, and the opening salvos on this front have been encouraging as well."Don's moves could also make America's allies more friendly to Trump - and change their behaviour as they try and avoid his wrath.O'Hanlon said: "Trump will certainly feel that the fact that a lot of leaders around the world seem to be trying to engage with him is validation of his basic theory of the case - that he can threaten them."I think what they're [allies] getting now is sort of what they knew was coming."
Topics
CourtsDrugsGangsters and criminalsRefugee CrisisRepublican PartyUK immigration crisisDonald TrumpJoe BidenCaliforniaCanadaEl SalvadorLos AngelesMexicoNew YorkNorth AmericaThe White HouseUnited StatesWashington DC
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Nayib Bukele
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@nayibbukele
We have offered the United States of America the opportunity to outsource part of its prison system.

We are willing to take in only convicted criminals (including convicted U.S. citizens) into our mega-prison (CECOT) in exchange for a fee.

The fee would be relatively low for the U.S. but significant for us, making our entire prison system sustainable.
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Medical Disclaimers apply. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Seek the assistance of health care professionals for any conditions. We are not doctors.
***Medical Disclaimers apply:: """"Forwarding, not a line by line endorsement of all items.""""" **
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01/30/2025

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Reposted
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Jim West on Pesticides and Polio: A Critique of Scientific Literature.
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https://sashalatypova.substack.com/p/pesticides-and-polio-a-critique-of
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Food for Thought
Polio outbreaks occurred most often during the summer and were blamed on viruses picked up in swimming pools. But summer was the time when DDT spraying was at its peak and exposure would have been greatest, either directly or through foods from animals eating sprayed crops. Summer foods like ice cream from DDT-sprayed dairy cows would have been a likely source.

In developing countries, polio is blamed on poor sanitation. But in the United States, polio was blamed on lack of immunity due to good sanitation!

Until the advent of AIDS, polio was the only disease whose cause was enshrined in legislation. US public health law stated that poliomyelitis was an “infectious contagious disease,” yet proof of poliovirus causation is astoundingly weak, and the obvious toxicology was entirely avoided.

The man most responsible for the view that poliomyelitis was contagious was Dr. Simon Flexner, author of the famous (or infamous) Flexner Report, which led the way to the closing of the naturopathic and homeopathic colleges in the United States. Said Flexner: “It was not easy to establish in an individual case precisely how the disease was acquired; it was difficult to bring evidence that was not at all convincing that this disease was contagious.” In discussing Flexner’s report, L. Emmett Holt stated: “Even five years ago, if anyone had suggested that the disease under discussion was an infectious or contagious one, it would have been looked upon as a joke (Scobey, Archives of Pediatrics, May 1951).

In 1953, Dr. Kumm was appointed Director of Research of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP). The NFIP was funded by its “March of Dimes” program, and it sponsored the hasty development of the Salk vaccine in the early 1950s, at the height of the DDT/polio controversy. Dr. Kumm also “served as a civilian consultant to the Surgeon General . . . directing field studies of the use of DDT. . .” (American Journal of Digestive Diseases, 1953 20:330).

The World Health Organization directs both DDT application (for mosquito control) and polio vaccination worldwide.

The following statement appeared in the Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, 1991, edited by Wayland J. Hayes and Edward R. Laws: “It has been alleged that DDT causes or contributes to a wide variety of diseases of humans and animals not previously recognized as associated with any chemical. Such diseases included. . . poliomyelitis, . . . such irresponsible claims could produce great harm and, if taken seriously, even interfere with scientific search for true causes. . .”1

Hayes and Laws were informing their readers about the heretic, Dr. Morton S. Biskind. In 1953, when Biskind’s writings were published, the United States had just endured its greatest polio epidemic. The entire public was steeped in dramatic images–a predatory poliovirus, nearly a million dead and paralyzed children, iron lungs, struggling doctors and dedicated nurses. The late president Franklin D. Roosevelt had been memorialized as a polio victim who was infected with the deadly poliovirus near the beautiful and remote island of Campobello. The media was saturated with positive images of scientific progress and the marvels of DDT to kill disease-carrying mosquitos. Jonas Salk was in the wings, preparing to be moved center stage.

Through this intellectually paralyzing atmosphere, Dr. Biskind had the composure to argue what he thought was the most obvious explanation for the polio epidemic: Central nervous system diseases (CNS) such as polio are actually the physiological and symptomatic manifestations of the ongoing government- and industry-sponsored inundation of the world’s populace with central nervous system poisons.

Today, few remember this poignant writer who struggled with the issues of pesticides, issues that Rachel Carson would be allowed to politely bring to public awareness nine years later, as the lead story in The New Yorker magazine and then as a national best seller, by limiting her focus to the environment and wildlife. Biskind had the audacity to write about human damage.

I found “M.S. Biskind” in the endnotes to Hayes’ and Laws’ diatribe. What could possibly have motivated Hayes’ and Laws’ biased genuflection towards germ theory? Such offerings, commonly written into the final paragraphs of scientific articles, are usually done with an appearance of impartiality. With great anticipation, I went to a medical library and found Biskind’s 10-page 1953 article in the American Journal of Digestive Diseases.2 Presented below are excerpts regarding polio from the article.

Biskind’s Warnings
“In 1945, against the advice of investigators who had studied the pharmacology of the compound and found it dangerous for all forms of life, DDT (chlorophenoethane, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) was released in the United States and other countries for general use by the public as an insecticide. . . .

“Since the last war there have been a number of curious changes in the incidence of certain ailments and the development of new syndromes never before observed. A most significant feature of this situation is that both man and all his domestic animals have simultaneously been affected. In man, the incidence of poliomyelitis has risen sharply. . . .

“It was even known by 1945 that DDT is stored in the body fat of mammals and appears in the milk. With this foreknowledge the series of catastrophic events that followed the most intensive campaign of mass poisoning in known human history, should not have surprised the experts. Yet, far from admitting a causal relationship so obvious that in any other field of biology it would be instantly accepted, virtually the entire apparatus of communication, lay and scientific alike, has been devoted to denying, concealing, suppressing, distorting and attempts to convert into its opposite, the overwhelming evidence. Libel, slander and economic boycott have not been overlooked in this campaign. . . .

“Early in 1949, as a result of studies during the previous year, the author published reports implicating DDT preparations in the syndrome widely attributed to a ‘virus-X’ in man, in ‘X-disease’ in cattle and in often fatal syndromes in dogs and cats. The relationship was promptly denied by government officials, who provided no evidence to contest the author’s observations but relied solely on the prestige of government authority and sheer numbers of experts to bolster their position. . . .

“[‘X-disease’] . . . studied by the author following known exposure to DDT and related compounds and over and over again in the same patients, each time following known exposure. We have described the syndrome as follows: . . . . In acute exacerbations, mild clonic convulsions involving mainly the legs, have been observed. Several young children exposed to DDT developed a limp lasting from 2 or 3 days to a week or more. . . .

“Simultaneously with the occurrence of this disorder [X-disease], a number of related changes occurred in the incidence of known diseases. The most striking of these is poliomyelitis. In the United States the incidence of polio had been increasing prior to 1945 at a fairly constant rate, but its epidemiologic characteristics remained unchanged. Beginning in 1946, the rate of increase more than doubled. Since then remarkable changes in the character of the disease have been noted. Contrary to all past experience, the disease has remained epidemic year after year.”

DDT vs Polio
In the graph below, I provide confirmation of Biskind’s observations for 1945-1953, in terms of polio incidence and pesticide production. I have utilized pesticide data from Hayes and Laws which they had obtained from the US Transportation Board. Polio incidence data was gathered from US Vital Statistics.3 Although I argue herein against Hayes’ characterization of Biskind’s work, credit goes to Hayes for publishing arcane pesticide data.

polio1
Physiological Evidence
Biskind also describes physiological evidence of DDT poisoning that resembles polio physiology: “Particularly relevant to recent aspects of this problem are neglected studies by Lillie and his collaborators of the National Institutes of Health, published in 1944 and 1947 respectively, which showed that DDT may produce degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord in animals. These changes do not occur regularly in exposed animals any more than they do in human beings, but they do appear often enough to be significant.”

He continues, bearing his exasperation in trying to make the obvious plain. “When the population is exposed to a chemical agent known to produce in animals lesions in the spinal cord resembling those in human polio, and thereafter the latter disease increases sharply in incidence and maintains its epidemic character year after year, is it unreasonable to suspect an etiologic relationship?”

Before finding Biskind’s work, I had spent months engaged in a nearly futile search for the physiology of acute DDT poisoning. I began to sense that American DDT literature as a whole intends to convey that DDT is not dangerous except with regard to its general environmental effects due to persistent bioaccumulation, and that the physiology of acute DDT poisoning is therefore trivial. DDT literature uniformly jumps from descriptions of symptoms, over physiology, to the biochemistry of DDT-caused dysfunction in nerve tissue. It was as though detectives had come upon a mass-murder scene and immediately became obsessed with the biochemistry of dying cells around bullet holes, while ignoring the bullet holes.

Eventually, I did find one study, in a German publication, of the physiology of acute DDT poisoning.4 The study confirmed that DDT poisoning often causes polio-like physiology. “Conspicuous histological degeneration was, however, often found in the central nervous system. The most striking ones were found in the cerebellum, mainly in the nucleus dentatus and the cortex cells. Among other things an increase of the neuroglia and a necrotic degeneration and resorption of ganglionic cells was found. The Purkinje cells were less seriously affected than the other neurons. Also in the spinal cord abnormalities of a degenerative nature were found. . . . such changes were not found invariably. . . there is neither an obvious relation between the size and spreading of the lesion and the quantity of DDT applied. . . . information of adequate precision about the nature of the anomalies is lacking.”

Thus we find that the cerebellum and the spinal cord are especially affected by DDT.

And more recently, in the works of Ralph Scobey, MD,5 I found that from ancient times to the early 20th century, the symptoms and physiology of paralytic poliomyelitis were often described as the results of poisoning. It wasn’t until the mid-19th century that the word “poliomyelitis” became the designation for the paralytic effects of both severe poisoning and polio-like diseases assumed to be germ-caused.

Today, various other forms of the word “polio” are still used to describe the effects of neurotoxins, although usually with regard to paralysis in animals. (See below.)

In contemporary Britain, a farmer turned scientist, Mark Purdey, has found substantial evidence that mad cow disease, a form of polio-like encephalitis, was caused by a government mandated cattle treatment consisting of organophosphate pesticide and a compound similar to thalidomide.6 Unlike most scientists, Mark Purdey became legally embroiled with the government during his research. He reported that he had been shot at and blockaded in his home to prevent him giving a lecture. “Purdey’s house was burned down and his lawyer who was working with him on Mad Cow Disease had been driven off the road by another vehicle and subsequently died. The veterinarian on the case also died in a car crash. Purdey’s new lawyer, too, had a car accident, but not fatal.”7

Morton S. Biskind had the courage to write about humans. His views fell into disfavor after the introduction of the polio vaccines, which was a grand act that proved in most people’s minds that polio was caused by a virus. By October, 1955, Biskind, whose works had been published in established medical journals and who testified before the Senate on the dangers of pesticides, was forced to self-publish his writings, one of which I found while browsing through an old card catalog. A scan of MEDLINE finds no other works by him except for a very tame article in 1972, warning that diseases incurred during a patient’s stay in a hospital are not necessarily due to microbes. He died not long thereafter, in his late 60s.

A Contemporary Study
I have compiled information that confirms Biskind’s observations, utilizing data that extend far beyond his observations. These data are presented in the next three graphs.

Due to the paucity of data regarding pesticide exposure and locale, production data are given as an indication of exposure, keeping in mind the great changes in public awareness and legislation beginning in 1950. Again, this pesticide data comes from Hayes and Laws.

In the graph below, I did not include DDT data for the period of 1954 onward because, even though the US production of DDT skyrocketed, its distribution was then being shifted out of the US and into developing nations.
Governmental hearings, including those with Biskind, Scobey and others, brought about greater awareness of DDT dangers, as well as better labeling and handling methods.8 Due to public governmental debate in 1950-51 and numerous policy and legislative changes afterward,8,9,10,11 DDT production figures after these dates do not correlate with US usage or exposure to DDT.

polio2a
After 1950, DDT was continually incriminated until its registration cancellation in 1968 and ban in 1972. So 1950 marked a point of increased public awareness, changes in legislation and policy, voluntary phaseout, labeling requirements and discouragement from use in dairy farms. Much of the usage in the US may have moved over to forestry applications, placing less DDT directly into the food chain.

Therefore, DDT production, as an indicator of human exposure in the US, is estimated in the graph above by reviewing levels of DDT in adipose tissue (National Adipose Tissue Survey, and other studies)12 and considering the context of DDT in imported food. Levels of DDT in adipose tissue before 1955 were estimated by drawing a straight line from the low to the high levels of DDT in adipose tissue for that period. The estimate of DDT exposure is fairly accurate because DDT has a half-life of about one year. To achieve any downward trend in the DDT/adipose line, DDT exposure had to have decreased sharply. It is, however, not an assumption, but a fact, that the lowering of DDT levels in adipose tissue parallels the hyped advent of the Salk vaccination programs.

BHC vs Polio
BHC (benzene hexachloride), a persistent, organochlorine pesticide, is several times more lethal than DDT, in terms of LD50 (lethal dosage required to kill 50 percent of a test population).

As shown in the graph below, BHC was produced in 1945-1954 at quantities similar to DDT. In spite of BHC’s lethal quality, it has received much less publicity than DDT. While DDT was banned for such things as an association with the thinning of eagles’ eggs, BHC was phased out of production because it was found, after 15 years, to impart a bad taste to food. It is still used in developing nations. One is tempted to ask whether the more controversial DDT, known to be dangerous, was “fronting” for the more dangerous BHC? BHC’s correlation with polio incidence is astonishing.


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Note. Some Links locking editor display up, use GoDuck for your reference.
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Medical Disclaimers apply. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Seek the assistance of health care professionals for any conditions. We are not doctors.
***Medical Disclaimers apply:: """"Forwarding, not a line by line endorsement of all items.""""" **
******

Republished from 2003 post by Jim West, from Weston A. Price Foundation

sashalatypova.substack.com

01/25/2025


Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the system followed by Bacteroidetes and then Firmicutes. The entire experiment with various parameter examination supported that Φ15 × 15 poly-carrier MBBR was a promising system for N removal in high strength concentrate. Despite the lab-scale trial, the successful treatment of high strength real reverse osmosis concentrate demonstrated the reality of the treated effluent as possible reclaimed water, thus providing a good showcase of N-rich reverse osmosis concentrate purification in practical application.The aim of this study was to compare the hamstring flexibility between federated soccer and non-federated adolescents, and also to evaluate the effect of age and weight status on hamstring flexibility. The participants were 234 students (11-18 years old) divided into (i) G1 non-federated (n = 127), and (ii) G2 federated in soccer (n = 107). The deep flexion of the trunk (DF) test and the sit and reach test (SRT) were performed. G2 showed higher values for the DF and SRT compared to G1 (p less then 0.05). Both flexibility tests correlated positively (r = 0.4, p less then 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with the DF test (r = -0.3, p less then 0.001), but not with the SRT. Divided by BMI, the underweight and normal weight groups had higher scores in the DF test compared with the overweight and obese groups (p less then 0.001). BMI was negatively correlated with hamstring flexibility. Federated soccer students present higher scores of hamstring flexibility.Filamin C (FLNC) is one of three filamin proteins (Filamin A (FLNA), Filamin B (FLNB), and FLNC) that cross-link actin filaments and interact with numerous binding partners. FLNC consists of a N-terminal actin-binding domain followed by 24 immunoglobulin-like repeats with two intervening calpain-sensitive hinges separating R15 and R16 (hinge 1) and R23 and R24 (hinge-2). The FLNC subunit is dimerized through R24 and calpain cleaves off the dimerization domain to regulate mobility of the FLNC subunit. FLNC is localized in the Z-disc due to the unique insertion of 82 amino acid residues in repeat 20 and necessary for normal Z-disc formation that connect sarcomeres. Since phosphorylation of FLNC by PKC diminishes the calpain sensitivity, assembly, and disassembly of the Z-disc may be regulated by phosphorylation of FLNC. Mutations of FLNC result in cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness. Although this review will focus on the current understanding of FLNC structure and functions in muscle, we will also discuss other filamins because they share high sequence similarity and are better characterized. We will also discuss a possible role of FLNC as a mechanosensor during muscle contraction.End-grafting of polyelectrolyte chains to conducting substrates offers an opportunity to fabricate electro-responsive surfaces capable of changing their physical/chemical properties (adhesion, wettability) in response to applied electrical voltage. We use a self-consistent field numerical approach to compare the equilibrium properties of tethered strong and weak (pH-sensitive) polyelectrolytes to applied electrical field in both salt-free and salt-containing solutions. We demonstrate that both strong and weak polyelectrolyte brushes exhibit segregation of polyions in two populations if the surface is oppositely charged with respect to the brush. This segregation gives rise to complex patterns in the dependence of the brush thickness on salt concentration. We demonstrate that adjustable ionization of weak polyelectrolytes weakens their conformational response in terms of the dependence of brush thickness on the amplitude of the applied voltage.Constructed emergency response scenarios provide a basis for decision makers to make management decisions, and the development of such scenarios considers earlier historical cases. Over the decades, the development of emergency response scenarios has mainly implemented the elements of historic cases to describe the grade and influence of an accident. This paper focuses on scenario construction and proposes a corresponding framework based on natural language processing (NLP) using text reports of marine oil spill accidents. For each accident, the original textual reports are first divided into sentence sets corresponding to the temporal evolution. Each sentence set is regarded as a textual description of a marine oil spill scenario. A method is proposed in this paper, based on parsing, named entity recognition (NER) and open information extraction (OpenIE) to process the relation triples that are extracted from the sentence sets. Finally, the relation triples are semantically clustered into different marine oil spill domains to construct scenarios. The research results are validated and indicate that the proposed scenario construction framework can be effectively used in practical applications.OBJECTIVES In August 2019, Saudi Arabia started implementing plain packaging for cigarettes. Three months later, an opposing campaign on twitter using an Arabic hashtag "the new smoke" gained momentum amongst smokers. The purpose of this study is to document this opposing campaign's timeline and describe consumers, government, and tobacco industry rhetoric. METHODS We created a timeline of the campaign events then performed online social listening of Arabic twitter hashtags related to the campaign. RESULTS Campaigners mainly complained of an unfavorable new taste in cigarette packs with plain packaging. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/voruciclib.html The messaging developed to accusations to government entities and neighboring countries, and then after threats to boycott tobacco companies. The campaign received a significant amount of media coverage and elicited an official response from a number of Saudi government bodies, such as the Saudi Food and Drug Authority and Ministry of Commerce and Investment. CONCLUSION This case points at a need for risk communication training, possible tobacco industry manipulation, and a need to gain consumer trust with evidence-based messaging techniques. The case of cigarette plain packaging adoption in Saudi Arabia serves as an example to other countries of potential consumer interaction, tobacco industry interference, and state official counter-reactions.

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02/04/2025

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Reposted
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El Salvador’s millennial dictator offers to hold American criminals in mega prisons

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https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/02/04/nayib-bukele-migrants-marco-rubio-mega-prisons-el-salvador/
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Nayib Bukele, El Salvador’s millennial dictator, has offered to house migrants and “dangerous criminals” deported by the United States in his country’s infamous mega jails, according to Marco Rubio.

Mr Rubio, who is on his first overseas tour as US secretary of state, said this would include deportees of any nationality, including violent American citizens imprisoned in the US.

America’s top diplomat is seeking support from Central American countries for the new Trump administration’s attempts to deport large numbers of migrants.

Mr Rubio met with the president and senior officials at Mr Bukele’s residence on Lake Coatepeque outside the capital for almost three hours, where they agreed to go beyond El Salvador’s acceptance of its own deported citizens and to include migrants of all nationalities detained in the United States.

“Any… illegal immigrant in the United States who’s a dangerous criminal – MS-13, Tren de Aragua [criminal gangs], whatever it may be – he has offered his jails. We can send them and he will put them in his jails,” Mr Rubio said.

“And, he’s also offered to do the same for dangerous criminals currently in custody and serving their sentences in the United States, even though they’re US citizens or legal residents.”

Marco Rubio meets with Nayib Bukele during his visit to El Salvador as part of his tour of Central America
Marco Rubio meets with Nayib Bukele during his visit to El Salvador as part of his tour of Central America Credit: El Salvador Presidency/Anadolu
Mr Bukele confirmed the offer in a post on X, saying El Salvador has “offered the United States of America the opportunity to outsource part of its prison system”.

The president said his country would accept only “convicted criminals” and would charge a fee that “would be relatively low for the US but significant for us, making our entire prison system sustainable”.


Elon Musk, the billionaire working with Mr Trump to remake the federal government, responded on his X platform, “Great idea!!”.

After Mr Rubio spoke, a US official said the Trump administration had no current plans to try to deport American citizens, but said Mr Bukele’s offer was significant. The US government cannot deport American citizens and such a move would be met with significant legal challenges.


As well as smoothing the way for the US to send migrants back to their own countries, Mr Rubio is trying to secure “third country” agreements, in which nations accept citizens of other countries that will not accept deportees.

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Cuba and Venezuela, for instance, have frosty relations with the US and have in the past limited the number of deportees they will accept, although Mr Trump says Nicolas Maduro, Venezuela’s president, has agreed to accept back his country’s citizens.

Similar agreements involving the deportation of migrants have been pushed in Europe, including Britain’s failed Rwanda scheme and Italy’s deal with Albania, which is being challenged in the courts.

But Mr Bukele also offered to go a step further: to house dangerous criminals who are US citizens or legal residents, Mr Rubio said.

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It was not immediately clear whether the US would take up that offer. More details of the agreement would be forthcoming, he added.

One of El Salvador’s prisons, a so-called mega prison or “Terrorism Confinement Centre”, has garnered much attention under Mr Bukele. The vast 410-acre complex was opened in 2023 and has the capacity to hold 40,000 inmates. Pictures from inside the prison have shown row-upon-row of tattooed, shaven inmates in cramped conditions, sitting on the floor one behind the other.

The US state department’s website notes that prison conditions in El Salvador are “harsh and dangerous”.


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Secretary of State Marco Rubio confirmed that Bukele agreed to the migratory agreement that will see US deportees of any nationality locked up.

Rubio gloated that it was the most "unprecedented, extraordinary, migratory agreement anywhere in the world" following tense talks at Bukele's lakeside country house just outside of San Salvador.

He added that the Salvadoran president even "offered to do the same" for some of America's most dangerous criminals currently locked up in the US - despite being citizens or legal residents.

Rubio was visiting El Salvador on Monday to turn the screws on the country to meet Trump's demands for a major crackdown on immigration.

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Bukele confirmed the offer in a post on X, explaining that his country would only accept convicted criminals and would charge the US a "relatively low" fee.

Tesla tycoon and Trump's right-hand man Elon Musk responded to the post, writing, "Great idea!"

Bukele agreed to take back blood-thirsty Salvadoran MS-13 gang members residing in the US unlawfully, State Department spokesperson Tammy Bruce explained in a statement.

She added that the Salvadoran president also "promised to accept and incarcerate violent illegal immigrants, including members of the Venezuelan Tren de Aragua gang, but also criminal illegal migrants from any country."

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In regards to the country also accepting to lock up dangerous American criminals, Bruce dubbed it as an "extraordinary gesture never before extended by any country."

El Salvador is renowned for its brutal jails, especially the Terrorism Confinement Center mega-prison that houses some of the country's most dangerous gangsters.

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Trump's row with Colombia is a warning to all leaders
Incredible images show thousands of violent skinhead gangsters from the country's main gangs, MS-13 and Barrio 18, crammed into an inescapable mega-prison.

Pictures show rows and rows of prisoners sitting with their hands behind their shaved heads at the high-tech prison.

Other images reveal gang members stripped down to only white shorts running through the facility as prison officers armed with assault rifles guard the inmates.

Secretary of State Rubio spoke in San Salvador shortly after Trump shelved his punishing tariff plans for 30 days for Canada and Mexico in a last-gasp deal.

Illustration of Trump's border crackdown plan, showing border wall, troop deployment, and other measures.
Marco Rubio and Nayib Bukele shaking hands.
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US Secretary of State Marco Rubio meets with the President of El Salvador Nayib Bukele during his visit to the countryCredit: Getty
Portrait of Marco Rubio.
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President Bukele has agreed to take back Salvadoran MS-13 gang members residing in the US unlawfullyCredit: AP
After talks with the US president, Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum agreed to reinforce the northern border with 10,000 members of the country's National Guard.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau also said he would go ahead with a massive round of border security measures after crisis talks with Trump on Monday.

Rubio arrived in San Salvador shortly after witnessing a US-funded deportation flight with 43 migrants onboard leaving Panama for Colombia.

It came a day after Rubio delivered a stern warning to Panama that unless the government moved immediately to eliminate China's presence at the Panama Canal, the US would retake control.

The notion of El Salvador accepting foreign nationals arrested in the US for violating immigration laws is dubbed a "safe third country agreement."

Hundreds of shirtless gang members sit handcuffed in a prison, surrounded by guards.
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A group of 2,000 detainees are moved to the Terrorist Confinement CenterCredit: Handout - Getty
a large group of men with tattoos on their bodies are sitting on the ground
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Gang members, cuffed and stripped to their underwear, are watched by guards carrying assault rifles
Handout photo of handcuffed gang members kneeling in a prison, guarded by police officers.
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Inmates' ankles and hands are shackled together in one of El Salvador's brutal jailsCredit: AFP
Gang members behind bars in a prison.
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Heavily tattooed gang members are crammed into cellsCredit: AFP
Officials have hinted that this could be an option for brutal Venezuelan gang members convicted of crimes in the US if Venezuela were to refuse to accept them.

Meanwhile, human rights activists have warned that El Salvador lacks a consistent policy for the treatment of asylum seekers and refugees - arguing that the agreement might not be limited to violent criminals.

Manuel Flores, the secretary general of the leftist opposition party Farabundo Mart National Liberation Front, slammed the safe third-country plan and said it would signal that the region is Washington's "backyard to dump the garbage."

Following the meeting with Bukele, Rubio signed a memorandum of understanding - a non-binding agreement that outlines their intentions to work together - with his Salvadoran counterpart.

This is to advance US and El Salvador civil nuclear cooperation, which could eventually lead to a more formal deal involving medicine, too.

The deportation flight Rubio witnessed being loaded in Panama City contained migrants detained by Panamanian authorities after illegally crossing the Darien Gap from Colombia.

The State Department claimed such deportations sent a message of deterrence.

The US has thrown financial assistance at Panama to the tune of nearly $2.7 million in flights and tickets since an agreement was signed to fund them.

Rubio stood on the tarmac and personally watched as the flight to Colombia containing 32 men and 11 women took off.

Witnessing a law enforcement operation of this kind is known to be very unusual for a Secretary of State to do - especially in front of the cameras.

Speaking afterward, Rubio said, "Mass migration is one of the great tragedies in the modern era.

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"It impacts countries throughout the world.

"We recognize that many of the people who seek mass migration are often victims and victimized along the way, and it's not good for anyone."

How Trump’s migrant standoff with Colombia is warning to all leaders

By James Halpin, Foreign News Reporter
DONALD Trump's migrant standoff with Colombia was a signal to all world leaders - and shows nothing is off the table, an expert said.America's allies will have to "roll with the punches" as the president brings his America First agenda back to the world stage.Colombia caved and accepted the return of its own illegal immigrants after Trump threatened to hit the South American nation with tariffs and sanctions.Trump had planned to slap a 25 per cent tariff on Colombian imports - and revoke the visas of government officials.The row came after Colombia stopped two US military aircraft packed with their own citizens from landing in the country last Sunday.Just two hours after Trump's threat, Bogota did a U-turn and agreed to accept migrants with the White House then dropping the threat.Defiant Don later posted a computer-generated image of him standing beside a sign reading FAFO - which usually stands for "f**k around, find out".Foreign policy analyst Michael O'Hanlon, from the Brookings Institute, said the migrant standoff was a clear warning to world leaders.Bogota's backdown will encourage Trump to threaten allies more, he added.Trump now appears to have a "willingness not to play Mr Nice guy on the world stage" with his second presidency.O'Hanlon told The Sun: "I think Trump has realized that - legally and otherwise - the tariff option is a attractive one, and the opening salvos on this front have been encouraging as well."Don's moves could also make America's allies more friendly to Trump - and change their behaviour as they try and avoid his wrath.O'Hanlon said: "Trump will certainly feel that the fact that a lot of leaders around the world seem to be trying to engage with him is validation of his basic theory of the case - that he can threaten them."I think what they're [allies] getting now is sort of what they knew was coming."
Topics
CourtsDrugsGangsters and criminalsRefugee CrisisRepublican PartyUK immigration crisisDonald TrumpJoe BidenCaliforniaCanadaEl SalvadorLos AngelesMexicoNew YorkNorth AmericaThe White HouseUnited StatesWashington DC
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Nayib Bukele
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@nayibbukele
We have offered the United States of America the opportunity to outsource part of its prison system.

We are willing to take in only convicted criminals (including convicted U.S. citizens) into our mega-prison (CECOT) in exchange for a fee.

The fee would be relatively low for the U.S. but significant for us, making our entire prison system sustainable.
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Medical Disclaimers apply. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Seek the assistance of health care professionals for any conditions. We are not doctors.
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01/30/2025

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Reposted
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Jim West on Pesticides and Polio: A Critique of Scientific Literature.
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https://sashalatypova.substack.com/p/pesticides-and-polio-a-critique-of
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Food for Thought
Polio outbreaks occurred most often during the summer and were blamed on viruses picked up in swimming pools. But summer was the time when DDT spraying was at its peak and exposure would have been greatest, either directly or through foods from animals eating sprayed crops. Summer foods like ice cream from DDT-sprayed dairy cows would have been a likely source.

In developing countries, polio is blamed on poor sanitation. But in the United States, polio was blamed on lack of immunity due to good sanitation!

Until the advent of AIDS, polio was the only disease whose cause was enshrined in legislation. US public health law stated that poliomyelitis was an “infectious contagious disease,” yet proof of poliovirus causation is astoundingly weak, and the obvious toxicology was entirely avoided.

The man most responsible for the view that poliomyelitis was contagious was Dr. Simon Flexner, author of the famous (or infamous) Flexner Report, which led the way to the closing of the naturopathic and homeopathic colleges in the United States. Said Flexner: “It was not easy to establish in an individual case precisely how the disease was acquired; it was difficult to bring evidence that was not at all convincing that this disease was contagious.” In discussing Flexner’s report, L. Emmett Holt stated: “Even five years ago, if anyone had suggested that the disease under discussion was an infectious or contagious one, it would have been looked upon as a joke (Scobey, Archives of Pediatrics, May 1951).

In 1953, Dr. Kumm was appointed Director of Research of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP). The NFIP was funded by its “March of Dimes” program, and it sponsored the hasty development of the Salk vaccine in the early 1950s, at the height of the DDT/polio controversy. Dr. Kumm also “served as a civilian consultant to the Surgeon General . . . directing field studies of the use of DDT. . .” (American Journal of Digestive Diseases, 1953 20:330).

The World Health Organization directs both DDT application (for mosquito control) and polio vaccination worldwide.

The following statement appeared in the Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, 1991, edited by Wayland J. Hayes and Edward R. Laws: “It has been alleged that DDT causes or contributes to a wide variety of diseases of humans and animals not previously recognized as associated with any chemical. Such diseases included. . . poliomyelitis, . . . such irresponsible claims could produce great harm and, if taken seriously, even interfere with scientific search for true causes. . .”1

Hayes and Laws were informing their readers about the heretic, Dr. Morton S. Biskind. In 1953, when Biskind’s writings were published, the United States had just endured its greatest polio epidemic. The entire public was steeped in dramatic images–a predatory poliovirus, nearly a million dead and paralyzed children, iron lungs, struggling doctors and dedicated nurses. The late president Franklin D. Roosevelt had been memorialized as a polio victim who was infected with the deadly poliovirus near the beautiful and remote island of Campobello. The media was saturated with positive images of scientific progress and the marvels of DDT to kill disease-carrying mosquitos. Jonas Salk was in the wings, preparing to be moved center stage.

Through this intellectually paralyzing atmosphere, Dr. Biskind had the composure to argue what he thought was the most obvious explanation for the polio epidemic: Central nervous system diseases (CNS) such as polio are actually the physiological and symptomatic manifestations of the ongoing government- and industry-sponsored inundation of the world’s populace with central nervous system poisons.

Today, few remember this poignant writer who struggled with the issues of pesticides, issues that Rachel Carson would be allowed to politely bring to public awareness nine years later, as the lead story in The New Yorker magazine and then as a national best seller, by limiting her focus to the environment and wildlife. Biskind had the audacity to write about human damage.

I found “M.S. Biskind” in the endnotes to Hayes’ and Laws’ diatribe. What could possibly have motivated Hayes’ and Laws’ biased genuflection towards germ theory? Such offerings, commonly written into the final paragraphs of scientific articles, are usually done with an appearance of impartiality. With great anticipation, I went to a medical library and found Biskind’s 10-page 1953 article in the American Journal of Digestive Diseases.2 Presented below are excerpts regarding polio from the article.

Biskind’s Warnings
“In 1945, against the advice of investigators who had studied the pharmacology of the compound and found it dangerous for all forms of life, DDT (chlorophenoethane, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) was released in the United States and other countries for general use by the public as an insecticide. . . .

“Since the last war there have been a number of curious changes in the incidence of certain ailments and the development of new syndromes never before observed. A most significant feature of this situation is that both man and all his domestic animals have simultaneously been affected. In man, the incidence of poliomyelitis has risen sharply. . . .

“It was even known by 1945 that DDT is stored in the body fat of mammals and appears in the milk. With this foreknowledge the series of catastrophic events that followed the most intensive campaign of mass poisoning in known human history, should not have surprised the experts. Yet, far from admitting a causal relationship so obvious that in any other field of biology it would be instantly accepted, virtually the entire apparatus of communication, lay and scientific alike, has been devoted to denying, concealing, suppressing, distorting and attempts to convert into its opposite, the overwhelming evidence. Libel, slander and economic boycott have not been overlooked in this campaign. . . .

“Early in 1949, as a result of studies during the previous year, the author published reports implicating DDT preparations in the syndrome widely attributed to a ‘virus-X’ in man, in ‘X-disease’ in cattle and in often fatal syndromes in dogs and cats. The relationship was promptly denied by government officials, who provided no evidence to contest the author’s observations but relied solely on the prestige of government authority and sheer numbers of experts to bolster their position. . . .

“[‘X-disease’] . . . studied by the author following known exposure to DDT and related compounds and over and over again in the same patients, each time following known exposure. We have described the syndrome as follows: . . . . In acute exacerbations, mild clonic convulsions involving mainly the legs, have been observed. Several young children exposed to DDT developed a limp lasting from 2 or 3 days to a week or more. . . .

“Simultaneously with the occurrence of this disorder [X-disease], a number of related changes occurred in the incidence of known diseases. The most striking of these is poliomyelitis. In the United States the incidence of polio had been increasing prior to 1945 at a fairly constant rate, but its epidemiologic characteristics remained unchanged. Beginning in 1946, the rate of increase more than doubled. Since then remarkable changes in the character of the disease have been noted. Contrary to all past experience, the disease has remained epidemic year after year.”

DDT vs Polio
In the graph below, I provide confirmation of Biskind’s observations for 1945-1953, in terms of polio incidence and pesticide production. I have utilized pesticide data from Hayes and Laws which they had obtained from the US Transportation Board. Polio incidence data was gathered from US Vital Statistics.3 Although I argue herein against Hayes’ characterization of Biskind’s work, credit goes to Hayes for publishing arcane pesticide data.

polio1
Physiological Evidence
Biskind also describes physiological evidence of DDT poisoning that resembles polio physiology: “Particularly relevant to recent aspects of this problem are neglected studies by Lillie and his collaborators of the National Institutes of Health, published in 1944 and 1947 respectively, which showed that DDT may produce degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord in animals. These changes do not occur regularly in exposed animals any more than they do in human beings, but they do appear often enough to be significant.”

He continues, bearing his exasperation in trying to make the obvious plain. “When the population is exposed to a chemical agent known to produce in animals lesions in the spinal cord resembling those in human polio, and thereafter the latter disease increases sharply in incidence and maintains its epidemic character year after year, is it unreasonable to suspect an etiologic relationship?”

Before finding Biskind’s work, I had spent months engaged in a nearly futile search for the physiology of acute DDT poisoning. I began to sense that American DDT literature as a whole intends to convey that DDT is not dangerous except with regard to its general environmental effects due to persistent bioaccumulation, and that the physiology of acute DDT poisoning is therefore trivial. DDT literature uniformly jumps from descriptions of symptoms, over physiology, to the biochemistry of DDT-caused dysfunction in nerve tissue. It was as though detectives had come upon a mass-murder scene and immediately became obsessed with the biochemistry of dying cells around bullet holes, while ignoring the bullet holes.

Eventually, I did find one study, in a German publication, of the physiology of acute DDT poisoning.4 The study confirmed that DDT poisoning often causes polio-like physiology. “Conspicuous histological degeneration was, however, often found in the central nervous system. The most striking ones were found in the cerebellum, mainly in the nucleus dentatus and the cortex cells. Among other things an increase of the neuroglia and a necrotic degeneration and resorption of ganglionic cells was found. The Purkinje cells were less seriously affected than the other neurons. Also in the spinal cord abnormalities of a degenerative nature were found. . . . such changes were not found invariably. . . there is neither an obvious relation between the size and spreading of the lesion and the quantity of DDT applied. . . . information of adequate precision about the nature of the anomalies is lacking.”

Thus we find that the cerebellum and the spinal cord are especially affected by DDT.

And more recently, in the works of Ralph Scobey, MD,5 I found that from ancient times to the early 20th century, the symptoms and physiology of paralytic poliomyelitis were often described as the results of poisoning. It wasn’t until the mid-19th century that the word “poliomyelitis” became the designation for the paralytic effects of both severe poisoning and polio-like diseases assumed to be germ-caused.

Today, various other forms of the word “polio” are still used to describe the effects of neurotoxins, although usually with regard to paralysis in animals. (See below.)

In contemporary Britain, a farmer turned scientist, Mark Purdey, has found substantial evidence that mad cow disease, a form of polio-like encephalitis, was caused by a government mandated cattle treatment consisting of organophosphate pesticide and a compound similar to thalidomide.6 Unlike most scientists, Mark Purdey became legally embroiled with the government during his research. He reported that he had been shot at and blockaded in his home to prevent him giving a lecture. “Purdey’s house was burned down and his lawyer who was working with him on Mad Cow Disease had been driven off the road by another vehicle and subsequently died. The veterinarian on the case also died in a car crash. Purdey’s new lawyer, too, had a car accident, but not fatal.”7

Morton S. Biskind had the courage to write about humans. His views fell into disfavor after the introduction of the polio vaccines, which was a grand act that proved in most people’s minds that polio was caused by a virus. By October, 1955, Biskind, whose works had been published in established medical journals and who testified before the Senate on the dangers of pesticides, was forced to self-publish his writings, one of which I found while browsing through an old card catalog. A scan of MEDLINE finds no other works by him except for a very tame article in 1972, warning that diseases incurred during a patient’s stay in a hospital are not necessarily due to microbes. He died not long thereafter, in his late 60s.

A Contemporary Study
I have compiled information that confirms Biskind’s observations, utilizing data that extend far beyond his observations. These data are presented in the next three graphs.

Due to the paucity of data regarding pesticide exposure and locale, production data are given as an indication of exposure, keeping in mind the great changes in public awareness and legislation beginning in 1950. Again, this pesticide data comes from Hayes and Laws.

In the graph below, I did not include DDT data for the period of 1954 onward because, even though the US production of DDT skyrocketed, its distribution was then being shifted out of the US and into developing nations.
Governmental hearings, including those with Biskind, Scobey and others, brought about greater awareness of DDT dangers, as well as better labeling and handling methods.8 Due to public governmental debate in 1950-51 and numerous policy and legislative changes afterward,8,9,10,11 DDT production figures after these dates do not correlate with US usage or exposure to DDT.

polio2a
After 1950, DDT was continually incriminated until its registration cancellation in 1968 and ban in 1972. So 1950 marked a point of increased public awareness, changes in legislation and policy, voluntary phaseout, labeling requirements and discouragement from use in dairy farms. Much of the usage in the US may have moved over to forestry applications, placing less DDT directly into the food chain.

Therefore, DDT production, as an indicator of human exposure in the US, is estimated in the graph above by reviewing levels of DDT in adipose tissue (National Adipose Tissue Survey, and other studies)12 and considering the context of DDT in imported food. Levels of DDT in adipose tissue before 1955 were estimated by drawing a straight line from the low to the high levels of DDT in adipose tissue for that period. The estimate of DDT exposure is fairly accurate because DDT has a half-life of about one year. To achieve any downward trend in the DDT/adipose line, DDT exposure had to have decreased sharply. It is, however, not an assumption, but a fact, that the lowering of DDT levels in adipose tissue parallels the hyped advent of the Salk vaccination programs.

BHC vs Polio
BHC (benzene hexachloride), a persistent, organochlorine pesticide, is several times more lethal than DDT, in terms of LD50 (lethal dosage required to kill 50 percent of a test population).

As shown in the graph below, BHC was produced in 1945-1954 at quantities similar to DDT. In spite of BHC’s lethal quality, it has received much less publicity than DDT. While DDT was banned for such things as an association with the thinning of eagles’ eggs, BHC was phased out of production because it was found, after 15 years, to impart a bad taste to food. It is still used in developing nations. One is tempted to ask whether the more controversial DDT, known to be dangerous, was “fronting” for the more dangerous BHC? BHC’s correlation with polio incidence is astonishing.


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Republished from 2003 post by Jim West, from Weston A. Price Foundation

sashalatypova.substack.com

01/25/2025


Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the system followed by Bacteroidetes and then Firmicutes. The entire experiment with various parameter examination supported that Φ15 × 15 poly-carrier MBBR was a promising system for N removal in high strength concentrate. Despite the lab-scale trial, the successful treatment of high strength real reverse osmosis concentrate demonstrated the reality of the treated effluent as possible reclaimed water, thus providing a good showcase of N-rich reverse osmosis concentrate purification in practical application.The aim of this study was to compare the hamstring flexibility between federated soccer and non-federated adolescents, and also to evaluate the effect of age and weight status on hamstring flexibility. The participants were 234 students (11-18 years old) divided into (i) G1 non-federated (n = 127), and (ii) G2 federated in soccer (n = 107). The deep flexion of the trunk (DF) test and the sit and reach test (SRT) were performed. G2 showed higher values for the DF and SRT compared to G1 (p less then 0.05). Both flexibility tests correlated positively (r = 0.4, p less then 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with the DF test (r = -0.3, p less then 0.001), but not with the SRT. Divided by BMI, the underweight and normal weight groups had higher scores in the DF test compared with the overweight and obese groups (p less then 0.001). BMI was negatively correlated with hamstring flexibility. Federated soccer students present higher scores of hamstring flexibility.Filamin C (FLNC) is one of three filamin proteins (Filamin A (FLNA), Filamin B (FLNB), and FLNC) that cross-link actin filaments and interact with numerous binding partners. FLNC consists of a N-terminal actin-binding domain followed by 24 immunoglobulin-like repeats with two intervening calpain-sensitive hinges separating R15 and R16 (hinge 1) and R23 and R24 (hinge-2). The FLNC subunit is dimerized through R24 and calpain cleaves off the dimerization domain to regulate mobility of the FLNC subunit. FLNC is localized in the Z-disc due to the unique insertion of 82 amino acid residues in repeat 20 and necessary for normal Z-disc formation that connect sarcomeres. Since phosphorylation of FLNC by PKC diminishes the calpain sensitivity, assembly, and disassembly of the Z-disc may be regulated by phosphorylation of FLNC. Mutations of FLNC result in cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness. Although this review will focus on the current understanding of FLNC structure and functions in muscle, we will also discuss other filamins because they share high sequence similarity and are better characterized. We will also discuss a possible role of FLNC as a mechanosensor during muscle contraction.End-grafting of polyelectrolyte chains to conducting substrates offers an opportunity to fabricate electro-responsive surfaces capable of changing their physical/chemical properties (adhesion, wettability) in response to applied electrical voltage. We use a self-consistent field numerical approach to compare the equilibrium properties of tethered strong and weak (pH-sensitive) polyelectrolytes to applied electrical field in both salt-free and salt-containing solutions. We demonstrate that both strong and weak polyelectrolyte brushes exhibit segregation of polyions in two populations if the surface is oppositely charged with respect to the brush. This segregation gives rise to complex patterns in the dependence of the brush thickness on salt concentration. We demonstrate that adjustable ionization of weak polyelectrolytes weakens their conformational response in terms of the dependence of brush thickness on the amplitude of the applied voltage.Constructed emergency response scenarios provide a basis for decision makers to make management decisions, and the development of such scenarios considers earlier historical cases. Over the decades, the development of emergency response scenarios has mainly implemented the elements of historic cases to describe the grade and influence of an accident. This paper focuses on scenario construction and proposes a corresponding framework based on natural language processing (NLP) using text reports of marine oil spill accidents. For each accident, the original textual reports are first divided into sentence sets corresponding to the temporal evolution. Each sentence set is regarded as a textual description of a marine oil spill scenario. A method is proposed in this paper, based on parsing, named entity recognition (NER) and open information extraction (OpenIE) to process the relation triples that are extracted from the sentence sets. Finally, the relation triples are semantically clustered into different marine oil spill domains to construct scenarios. The research results are validated and indicate that the proposed scenario construction framework can be effectively used in practical applications.OBJECTIVES In August 2019, Saudi Arabia started implementing plain packaging for cigarettes. Three months later, an opposing campaign on twitter using an Arabic hashtag "the new smoke" gained momentum amongst smokers. The purpose of this study is to document this opposing campaign's timeline and describe consumers, government, and tobacco industry rhetoric. METHODS We created a timeline of the campaign events then performed online social listening of Arabic twitter hashtags related to the campaign. RESULTS Campaigners mainly complained of an unfavorable new taste in cigarette packs with plain packaging. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/voruciclib.html The messaging developed to accusations to government entities and neighboring countries, and then after threats to boycott tobacco companies. The campaign received a significant amount of media coverage and elicited an official response from a number of Saudi government bodies, such as the Saudi Food and Drug Authority and Ministry of Commerce and Investment. CONCLUSION This case points at a need for risk communication training, possible tobacco industry manipulation, and a need to gain consumer trust with evidence-based messaging techniques. The case of cigarette plain packaging adoption in Saudi Arabia serves as an example to other countries of potential consumer interaction, tobacco industry interference, and state official counter-reactions.

01/23/2025

https://www.youtube.com/shorts/gfumI5OU3Ek

Boycott both Bayer and Monsanto companies, they are very EVIL.

From JRE #2079 with Brigham Buhler.

www.youtube.com

01/09/2025


Pseudoenzymes are emerging as significant mediators and regulators of signal transduction. These proteins maintain enzyme folds and topologies, but are disrupted in the conserved motifs required for enzymatic activity. Among the pseudoenzymes, the pseudoGTPase group of atypical GTPases has recently expanded and includes the Rnd and RGK groups, RhoH and the RhoBTB proteins, mitochondrial RhoGTPase and centaurin-γ groups, CENP-M, dynein LIC, Entamoeba histolytica RabX3, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, and the p190RhoGAP proteins. The wide range of cellular functions associated with pseudoGTPases includes cell migration and adhesion, membrane trafficking and cargo transport, mitosis, mitochondrial activity, transcriptional control, and autophagy, placing the group in an expanding portfolio of signaling pathways. In this review, we examine how the pseudoGTPases differ from canonical GTPases and consider their mechanistic and functional roles in signal transduction. We review the amino acid differences between the pseudoGTPases and discuss how these proteins can be classified based on their ability to bind nucleotide and their enzymatic activity. We discuss the molecular and structural consequences of amino acid divergence from canonical GTPases and use comparison with the well-studied pseudokinases to illustrate the classifications. PseudoGTPases are fast becoming recognized as important mechanistic components in a range of cellular roles, and we provide a concise discussion of the currently identified members of this group. ENZYMES small GTPases; EC number EC 3.6.5.2.A study of the prevalence rates for selected isolated non-Mendelian congenital anomalies in the Hutterite Brethren of Alberta, Canada was undertaken to further examine longitudinal data in this isolated community that was last reported in 1985 (Lowry et al., 1985), although there are numerous publications on recessive disorders (Boycott et al., 2008; Triggs-Raine et al., 2016). Cases were ascertained from the Alberta Congenital Anomaly Surveillance System for the years 1997-2016. Since our initial results showed some surprising findings in the Hutterite Brethren, such as zero cases of spina bifida, cleft lip and palate, gastroschisis, and omphalocele, and a significant excess of cases with hypospadias, we extended the study to prior years (1980-1996) for selected anomalies. For the extended study period (1980-2016), there was a significant increased prevalence of hypospadias, tetralogy of Fallot and tricuspid atresia in the Hutterite population, and although not statistically significant, zero cases of cleft lip with cleft palate, gastroschisis and omphalocele were confirmed. Further research is needed to determine the precise effects of rural environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, and genetic associations for selected multifactorial congenital anomalies.Osteosarcoma (OSA) arising from the digits, metatarsal and metacarpal bones is rare and may carry a better prognosis compared with other locations. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the biological behaviour, the progression free interval (PFI), the survival time (ST) and evaluate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy for OSA affecting these bones. Medical records from two academic institutions were reviewed and 15 cases were included. Descriptive statistics were used for signalment and history. For estimation of median PFI and median ST, the Kaplan-Meier method was utilized. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sr10221.html The prognostic effect of chemotherapy, lymphocyte and monocyte count was investigated. Log-rank analysis was used to compare PFI and ST between groups. The overall median PFI and median ST were 377 and 687 days, respectively. No significant differences were noted for any of the variables evaluated. In this study, dogs affected by OSA of digits, metacarpal and metatarsal bones appear to have a longer ST compared with dogs with OSA of other appendicular locations. A study with a larger number of patients is needed to confirm these results and investigate the potential benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy.Publication bias is a well-known threat to the validity of meta-analyses and, more broadly, the reproducibility of scientific findings. When policies and recommendations are predicated on an incomplete evidence base, it undermines the goals of evidence-based decision-making. Great strides have been made in the last 50 years to understand and address this problem, including calls for mandatory trial registration and the development of statistical methods to detect and correct for publication bias. We offer an historical account of seminal contributions by the evidence synthesis community, with an emphasis on the parallel development of graph-based and selection model approaches. We also draw attention to current innovations and opportunities for future methodological work.Late-stage functionalization (LSF) aids drug discovery efforts by introducing functional groups onto C-H bonds on pre-existing skeletons. We adopted the LSF strategy to synthesize analogues of the abundantly available triterpenoid, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), by introducing aryl groups in the A-ring, expanding the A-ring and selectively activating one methyl group of the gem-dimethyl groups. Intriguingly, two compounds were found to preferentially accumulate in the mitochondrial compartment of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, to cause depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and to induce antiproliferative and anti-invasive effects through enhanced mitochondrial superoxide production with parallel depletion of GSH levels. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of these two compounds, in comparison with GA, greatly regressed breast tumor growth and metastasis in a SCID mouse model bearing labeled MDA-MB-231 cells.Submerged macrophytes are of key importance for the structure and functioning of shallow lakes and can be decisive for maintaining them in a clear water state. The ongoing climate change affects the macrophytes through changes in temperature and precipitation, causing variations in nutrient load, water level and light availability. To investigate how these factors jointly determine macrophyte dominance and growth, we conducted a highly standardized pan-European experiment involving the installation of mesocosms in lakes. The experimental design consisted of mesotrophic and eutrophic nutrient conditions at 1 m (shallow) and 2 m (deep) depth along a latitudinal temperature gradient with average water temperatures ranging from 14.9 to 23.9°C (Sweden to Greece) and a natural drop in water levels in the warmest countries (Greece and Turkey). We determined percent plant volume inhabited (PVI) of submerged macrophytes on a monthly basis for 5 months and dry weight at the end of the experiment. Over the temperature gradient, PVI was highest in the shallow mesotrophic mesocosms followed by intermediate levels in the shallow eutrophic and deep mesotrophic mesocosms, and lowest levels in the deep eutrophic mesocosms.