Non-Resident Not Having PAN Get a Breather
An everlasting Consideration Number (PAN) is usually a tax recognition number in Of india, primarily used simply by revenue authorities in order to track high-value dealings, prevent tax evasion, and expand the tax base. To be able to address these problems, Section 206AA in the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Act) was released through the Fund Act of yr, which became efficient from April a single, 2010. According in order to this provision, in the event that the payee will not furnish a GRIDDLE, the withholding tax bill would be levied with the rate particular within the relevant area of the Behave or at the rate in force, whatever is higher, having a minimum of 20%.
India has tax treaties with different countries that provide reduced withholding tax prices on certain types of income for instance interest, royalties, and fees for technical providers. However, with the introduction of Section 206AA, a non-resident payee without the PAN was uncovered to the larger withholding tax price of 20%, in spite of the existence associated with tax treaties that offered a reduced taxes rate.
Section 206AA, which begins together with a non-obstante clause (i. e., “notwithstanding anything contained on any provisions involving this Act”), elevated concerns about whether it could override the beneficial terms of tax treaties. https://www.cgacpa.ca/ arose whether or not non-resident payees would likely still be entitled to claim typically the reduced tax rates provided under these treaties if they do not furnish a PAN.
The Pune Income-tax Appellate Conseil (ITAT) in the particular case of Serum Institute of India Limited, and the particular Bangalore ITAT inside cases like Infosys BPO Ltd. plus Wipro Ltd., reigned over that the 20% withholding tax charge under Section 206AA should not always be applied where a reduce rate was specific under a duty treaty. They asserted that since Segment 206AA is certainly not a charging segment, it cannot override the provisions associated with a tax treaty.
The requirement in order to get a PAN produced significant compliance problems for non-resident people, individuals who entered into one-time deals with Indian residents. To address this matter and bring procedures in line along with judicial rulings plus the withholding duty rate of 10% under Section 115A, the Finance Act, 2016 introduced Area 206AA(7). This new section stipulated of which the higher withholding tax rate might not apply to be able to non-resident taxpayers, presented certain conditions were met.
In reply, the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) issued a notification on 06 24, 2016, which in turn amended the Income-tax Rules, 1962. Tip 37BC was included, specifying the important points and even documents non-resident people who pay tax must furnish to the Indian deductor. According to this particular rule, if the non-resident has no BAKING PAN, the provisions involving Section 206AA will not apply to payments in the particular nature interesting, royalties, fees for specialized services, and payments related to typically the transfer of money assets, provided typically the non-resident submits the mandatory documentation.
The prescribed details and files are as follows:
Name, email IDENTITY, and contact range of the non-resident payee
Address in the nation or specified place outside India, where non-resident is a resident
A certificate associated with residency from typically the government of typically the country or territory of residence, in case the country’s laws and regulations provide for this kind of certificates
The Duty Identification Number (TIN) of the non-resident found in their country involving residence, or a great alternative unique recognition number issued from the government of the country or territory.
This change is designed to ease complying for non-resident payees and ensure actually not unfairly mired by higher withholding tax rates as a result of lack of a PAN.
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Non-Resident Not Having PAN Get a Breather
A Permanent Account Number (PAN) is a tax identification number in Asia, primarily used simply by revenue authorities to track high-value dealings, prevent tax evasion, and expand the particular tax base. To be able to address these worries, Section 206AA with the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Act) was released through the Finance Act of year, which became efficient from April one, 2010. According to this provision, when the payee is not going to furnish a GRIDDLE, the withholding taxes would be levied in the rate particular in the relevant part of the Behave or at the charge in force, whatever is higher, having a minimum of 20%.
India has taxes treaties with various countries that allow for reduced withholding tax rates on certain types of income such as interest, royalties, and costs for technical solutions. However, with the particular introduction of Part 206AA, a non-resident payee without a new PAN was subjected to the increased withholding tax price of 20%, despite the existence associated with tax treaties of which offered a lower duty rate.
Section 206AA, which begins with a non-obstante clause (i. e., “notwithstanding anything contained inside some other provisions regarding this Act”), increased concerns about no matter if it could override the beneficial conditions of tax treaties. Questions arose as to whether non-resident payees might still be eligible to claim typically the reduced tax prices provided under these types of treaties if they would not furnish a PAN.
The Pune Income-tax Appellate Conseil (ITAT) in the particular case of Serum Institute of Of india Limited, and the Bangalore ITAT inside cases such as Infosys BPO Ltd. in addition to Wipro Ltd., overpowered that the 20% withholding tax charge under Section 206AA should not be applied in which a lower rate was specific under a taxes treaty. They asserted that since Portion 206AA is not a charging part, it cannot override the provisions regarding a tax treaty.
The requirement in order to get a PAN developed significant compliance troubles for non-resident people, especially those who moved into into one-time deals with Indian inhabitants. To address this matter and bring procedures in line together with judicial rulings and even the withholding duty rate of 10% under Section 115A, the Finance Work, 2016 introduced Segment 206AA(7). This fresh section stipulated of which the higher withholding tax rate would not apply in order to non-resident taxpayers, provided certain conditions had been met.
In reaction, the Central Table of Direct Levy (CBDT) issued a notification on Summer 24, 2016, which often amended the Income-tax Rules, 1962. Rule among bodybuilders 37BC was added, specifying the facts and even documents non-resident people who pay tax must furnish to the Indian deductor. According to https://www.cgacpa.ca/ of rule, if some sort of non-resident does not have a SKILLET, the provisions involving Section 206AA will not apply to payments in the particular nature appealing, royalties, fees for specialized services, and repayments related to typically the transfer of capital assets, provided typically the non-resident submits the mandatory documentation.
The approved details and files are as comes after:
Name, email IDENTITY, and contact amount of the non-resident payee
Address in the country or specified territory outside India, the location where the non-resident is a homeowner
A certificate associated with residency from the government of the country or area of residence, in the event that the country’s regulations provide for such certificates
The Duty Identification Number (TIN) from the non-resident inside their country regarding residence, or a good alternative unique identification number issued from the government of the country or place.
This change aims to ease conformity for non-resident rétribution and ensure likely not unfairly burdened by higher withholding tax rates as a result of lack of a PAN.
) Czern and improved the soil biological activity as evident from increase in dehydrogenase activity and soil bacterial count. Amendment of soils with LCD could be a promising, economically feasible and environmentally benign soil decontamination strategy for imazethapyr and imazamox contaminated soils.Background Rituximab is increasingly being used in treatment of multiple Sclerosis (MS) in our centers due to its easy availability, efficacy and favorable side effect profile. Here we describe experience with rituximab over a period of 4 years from three MS centers from south India. Methods The data of MS patients who were treated with rituximab in three MS centers at Bangalore, India, from December 2015 to December 2019 were collected and evaluated with respect to relapse rate, EDSS score and adverse events. Results Over the four-year study period 118 MS patients were evaluated, 80 of whom were on rituximab. 58 (72%) had RRMS, 15 (19%) SPMS and 7 (9%) PPMS. Most patients (89%) received rituximab at a dose of 500 mg every 6-12 months. Nine patients (11%), all with progressive MS were on 1 gm to 2 gm every 6 months. Follow up ranged from 1 year to 3 years, with a median of 2 years. 56 (97%) RRMS patients had no relapses during follow up. EDSS score improved by a score of 0.5-2.0 in 68 (85%) patients, remained same in 10 (12.5%) and worsened in 2 patients (2.5%). Most patients (91%) tolerated rituximab infusions well. There were no opportunistic infections or neoplasms. Conclusion Anti B cell therapy with rituximab appears effective, safe and affordable in the treatment of MS in developing countries like India with resource limited settings.Plants are continuously exposed to agents that can generate DNA lesions. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) is one of the repair pathways employed by plants to protect their genome, including from sunlight. The Xeroderma Pigmentosum type B (XPB) protein is a DNA helicase shown to be involved in NER and is also an essential subunitof the Transcription Factor IIH (TFIIH) complex. XPB was found to be a single copy gene in eukaryotes, but found as a tandem duplication in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, AtXPB1 and AtXPB2. We aimed to investigate whether the XPB in tandem duplication was common within members of the Brassicaceae. We analyzed genomic DNA of species from different tribes of the family and the results indicate that the tandem duplication occurred in Camelineae tribe ancestor, of which A. thaliana belongs, at approximately 8 million years ago. Further experiments were devised to study possible functional roles for the A. thaliana AtXPB paralogs. A non-coincident expression profile of the paralogs was observed in various plant organs, developmental and cell cycle stages. AtXPB2 expression was observed in proliferating cells and clustered with the transcription of other components of the TFIIH such as p44, p52 and XPD/UVH6 along the cell cycle. AtXPB1 gene transcription, on the other hand, was enhanced specifically after UV-B irradiation in leaf trichomes. Altogether, our results reported herein suggest a functional specialization for the AtXPB paralogs while the AtXPB2 paralog may have a role in cell proliferation and repair as XPB of other eukaryotes, the AtXPB1 paralog is most likely implicated in repair functions in highly specialized A. thaliana cells.Background Digit ratio (2D4D) from soft-tissue measurements of fingers from children and adults from Black and White ethnic groups show sex differences (males less then females) and group differences (Black less then White). However, less is known about such differences in radiographic 2D4D. Aim To consider sex and ethnic differences in radiographic 2D4D of children of Afro-Caribbean descent and to compare these means with "standards" from White children. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional design with samples from Afro-Caribbean children aged 6 to 11 years compared to published radiographic measurements for White children in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Results Radiographic 2D4D showed ethnic differences such that Afro-Caribbeans less then Whites. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/erlotinib.html There was an age-stable right-side sex difference (boys less then girls) in the 2D4D of the distal phalanx and the distal soft-tissue tip in the Afro-Caribbean children but not in the proximal- and middle-phalanges or the composite length of the phalanges. Sex differences in 2D4D (boys less then girls) were present in the White children in the middle and proximal phalanges and composite phalange length but not in the distal phalanx. Conclusion In Afro-Caribbean children, mean radiographic 2D4D was lower than that of White children and sexual dimorphism of 2D4D (boys less then girls) was confined to the distal phalanx and fingertip soft-tissue. In contrast in White children, there were no sex differences in the distal phalanx but there were in the middle-, proximal and composite phalanges (boys less then girls). We discuss whether these differences in 2D4D are widespread among Blacks and Whites and the implications for the interpretation of radiographic 2D4D and morphological soft-tissue 2D4D across macro-ethnic groups.Objective Contrasting results are reported on the clinical course of acute diverticulitis (AD) in the geriatric population. The aim of this study is to compare the AD clinical outcomes between patients aged up to 80 years and those ≥80 years. Methods A total of 1139 patients were enrolled 276 patients aged ≥80 years were compared to a group of 863 patients aged less then 80 years. The primary outcome was to compare the overall mortality. Secondary outcomes included major complications, in-hospital length of stay (LOS), and need for surgical procedures. Results Patients ≥80 years with AD had different clinical presentation compared to younger patients they had less fever (21.4% vs. 35.2%; P less then 0.001) and abdominal pain (47.8% vs. 65.6%; P less then 0.001) rates, but a higher digestive tract bleeding (31.5% vs. 12.3%; p less then 0.001), and fatigue (12.7% vs. 7.1%; p = 0.004) rates. Median LOS, cumulative major complications and mortality rates were higher for patients ≥80 years. Multivariate analysis identified age, absence of abdominal pain, and dyspnea at presentation as independent predictors of intra hospital death or major complications.
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Non-Resident Not Having PAN Get a Breather
An everlasting Consideration Number (PAN) is usually a tax recognition number in Of india, primarily used simply by revenue authorities in order to track high-value dealings, prevent tax evasion, and expand the tax base. To be able to address these problems, Section 206AA in the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Act) was released through the Fund Act of yr, which became efficient from April a single, 2010. According in order to this provision, in the event that the payee will not furnish a GRIDDLE, the withholding tax bill would be levied with the rate particular within the relevant area of the Behave or at the rate in force, whatever is higher, having a minimum of 20%.
India has tax treaties with different countries that provide reduced withholding tax prices on certain types of income for instance interest, royalties, and fees for technical providers. However, with the introduction of Section 206AA, a non-resident payee without the PAN was uncovered to the larger withholding tax price of 20%, in spite of the existence associated with tax treaties that offered a reduced taxes rate.
Section 206AA, which begins together with a non-obstante clause (i. e., “notwithstanding anything contained on any provisions involving this Act”), elevated concerns about whether it could override the beneficial terms of tax treaties. https://www.cgacpa.ca/ arose whether or not non-resident payees would likely still be entitled to claim typically the reduced tax rates provided under these treaties if they do not furnish a PAN.
The Pune Income-tax Appellate Conseil (ITAT) in the particular case of Serum Institute of India Limited, and the particular Bangalore ITAT inside cases like Infosys BPO Ltd. plus Wipro Ltd., reigned over that the 20% withholding tax charge under Section 206AA should not always be applied where a reduce rate was specific under a duty treaty. They asserted that since Segment 206AA is certainly not a charging segment, it cannot override the provisions associated with a tax treaty.
The requirement in order to get a PAN produced significant compliance problems for non-resident people, individuals who entered into one-time deals with Indian residents. To address this matter and bring procedures in line along with judicial rulings plus the withholding duty rate of 10% under Section 115A, the Finance Act, 2016 introduced Area 206AA(7). This new section stipulated of which the higher withholding tax rate might not apply to be able to non-resident taxpayers, presented certain conditions were met.
In reply, the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) issued a notification on 06 24, 2016, which in turn amended the Income-tax Rules, 1962. Tip 37BC was included, specifying the important points and even documents non-resident people who pay tax must furnish to the Indian deductor. According to this particular rule, if the non-resident has no BAKING PAN, the provisions involving Section 206AA will not apply to payments in the particular nature interesting, royalties, fees for specialized services, and payments related to typically the transfer of money assets, provided typically the non-resident submits the mandatory documentation.
The prescribed details and files are as follows:
Name, email IDENTITY, and contact range of the non-resident payee
Address in the nation or specified place outside India, where non-resident is a resident
A certificate associated with residency from typically the government of typically the country or territory of residence, in case the country’s laws and regulations provide for this kind of certificates
The Duty Identification Number (TIN) of the non-resident found in their country involving residence, or a great alternative unique recognition number issued from the government of the country or territory.
This change is designed to ease complying for non-resident payees and ensure actually not unfairly mired by higher withholding tax rates as a result of lack of a PAN.
Non-Resident Not Having PAN Get a Breather
A Permanent Account Number (PAN) is a tax identification number in Asia, primarily used simply by revenue authorities to track high-value dealings, prevent tax evasion, and expand the particular tax base. To be able to address these worries, Section 206AA with the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Act) was released through the Finance Act of year, which became efficient from April one, 2010. According to this provision, when the payee is not going to furnish a GRIDDLE, the withholding taxes would be levied in the rate particular in the relevant part of the Behave or at the charge in force, whatever is higher, having a minimum of 20%.
India has taxes treaties with various countries that allow for reduced withholding tax rates on certain types of income such as interest, royalties, and costs for technical solutions. However, with the particular introduction of Part 206AA, a non-resident payee without a new PAN was subjected to the increased withholding tax price of 20%, despite the existence associated with tax treaties of which offered a lower duty rate.
Section 206AA, which begins with a non-obstante clause (i. e., “notwithstanding anything contained inside some other provisions regarding this Act”), increased concerns about no matter if it could override the beneficial conditions of tax treaties. Questions arose as to whether non-resident payees might still be eligible to claim typically the reduced tax prices provided under these types of treaties if they would not furnish a PAN.
The Pune Income-tax Appellate Conseil (ITAT) in the particular case of Serum Institute of Of india Limited, and the Bangalore ITAT inside cases such as Infosys BPO Ltd. in addition to Wipro Ltd., overpowered that the 20% withholding tax charge under Section 206AA should not be applied in which a lower rate was specific under a taxes treaty. They asserted that since Portion 206AA is not a charging part, it cannot override the provisions regarding a tax treaty.
The requirement in order to get a PAN developed significant compliance troubles for non-resident people, especially those who moved into into one-time deals with Indian inhabitants. To address this matter and bring procedures in line together with judicial rulings and even the withholding duty rate of 10% under Section 115A, the Finance Work, 2016 introduced Segment 206AA(7). This fresh section stipulated of which the higher withholding tax rate would not apply in order to non-resident taxpayers, provided certain conditions had been met.
In reaction, the Central Table of Direct Levy (CBDT) issued a notification on Summer 24, 2016, which often amended the Income-tax Rules, 1962. Rule among bodybuilders 37BC was added, specifying the facts and even documents non-resident people who pay tax must furnish to the Indian deductor. According to https://www.cgacpa.ca/ of rule, if some sort of non-resident does not have a SKILLET, the provisions involving Section 206AA will not apply to payments in the particular nature appealing, royalties, fees for specialized services, and repayments related to typically the transfer of capital assets, provided typically the non-resident submits the mandatory documentation.
The approved details and files are as comes after:
Name, email IDENTITY, and contact amount of the non-resident payee
Address in the country or specified territory outside India, the location where the non-resident is a homeowner
A certificate associated with residency from the government of the country or area of residence, in the event that the country’s regulations provide for such certificates
The Duty Identification Number (TIN) from the non-resident inside their country regarding residence, or a good alternative unique identification number issued from the government of the country or place.
This change aims to ease conformity for non-resident rétribution and ensure likely not unfairly burdened by higher withholding tax rates as a result of lack of a PAN.
) Czern and improved the soil biological activity as evident from increase in dehydrogenase activity and soil bacterial count. Amendment of soils with LCD could be a promising, economically feasible and environmentally benign soil decontamination strategy for imazethapyr and imazamox contaminated soils.Background Rituximab is increasingly being used in treatment of multiple Sclerosis (MS) in our centers due to its easy availability, efficacy and favorable side effect profile. Here we describe experience with rituximab over a period of 4 years from three MS centers from south India. Methods The data of MS patients who were treated with rituximab in three MS centers at Bangalore, India, from December 2015 to December 2019 were collected and evaluated with respect to relapse rate, EDSS score and adverse events. Results Over the four-year study period 118 MS patients were evaluated, 80 of whom were on rituximab. 58 (72%) had RRMS, 15 (19%) SPMS and 7 (9%) PPMS. Most patients (89%) received rituximab at a dose of 500 mg every 6-12 months. Nine patients (11%), all with progressive MS were on 1 gm to 2 gm every 6 months. Follow up ranged from 1 year to 3 years, with a median of 2 years. 56 (97%) RRMS patients had no relapses during follow up. EDSS score improved by a score of 0.5-2.0 in 68 (85%) patients, remained same in 10 (12.5%) and worsened in 2 patients (2.5%). Most patients (91%) tolerated rituximab infusions well. There were no opportunistic infections or neoplasms. Conclusion Anti B cell therapy with rituximab appears effective, safe and affordable in the treatment of MS in developing countries like India with resource limited settings.Plants are continuously exposed to agents that can generate DNA lesions. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) is one of the repair pathways employed by plants to protect their genome, including from sunlight. The Xeroderma Pigmentosum type B (XPB) protein is a DNA helicase shown to be involved in NER and is also an essential subunitof the Transcription Factor IIH (TFIIH) complex. XPB was found to be a single copy gene in eukaryotes, but found as a tandem duplication in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, AtXPB1 and AtXPB2. We aimed to investigate whether the XPB in tandem duplication was common within members of the Brassicaceae. We analyzed genomic DNA of species from different tribes of the family and the results indicate that the tandem duplication occurred in Camelineae tribe ancestor, of which A. thaliana belongs, at approximately 8 million years ago. Further experiments were devised to study possible functional roles for the A. thaliana AtXPB paralogs. A non-coincident expression profile of the paralogs was observed in various plant organs, developmental and cell cycle stages. AtXPB2 expression was observed in proliferating cells and clustered with the transcription of other components of the TFIIH such as p44, p52 and XPD/UVH6 along the cell cycle. AtXPB1 gene transcription, on the other hand, was enhanced specifically after UV-B irradiation in leaf trichomes. Altogether, our results reported herein suggest a functional specialization for the AtXPB paralogs while the AtXPB2 paralog may have a role in cell proliferation and repair as XPB of other eukaryotes, the AtXPB1 paralog is most likely implicated in repair functions in highly specialized A. thaliana cells.Background Digit ratio (2D4D) from soft-tissue measurements of fingers from children and adults from Black and White ethnic groups show sex differences (males less then females) and group differences (Black less then White). However, less is known about such differences in radiographic 2D4D. Aim To consider sex and ethnic differences in radiographic 2D4D of children of Afro-Caribbean descent and to compare these means with "standards" from White children. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional design with samples from Afro-Caribbean children aged 6 to 11 years compared to published radiographic measurements for White children in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Results Radiographic 2D4D showed ethnic differences such that Afro-Caribbeans less then Whites. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/erlotinib.html There was an age-stable right-side sex difference (boys less then girls) in the 2D4D of the distal phalanx and the distal soft-tissue tip in the Afro-Caribbean children but not in the proximal- and middle-phalanges or the composite length of the phalanges. Sex differences in 2D4D (boys less then girls) were present in the White children in the middle and proximal phalanges and composite phalange length but not in the distal phalanx. Conclusion In Afro-Caribbean children, mean radiographic 2D4D was lower than that of White children and sexual dimorphism of 2D4D (boys less then girls) was confined to the distal phalanx and fingertip soft-tissue. In contrast in White children, there were no sex differences in the distal phalanx but there were in the middle-, proximal and composite phalanges (boys less then girls). We discuss whether these differences in 2D4D are widespread among Blacks and Whites and the implications for the interpretation of radiographic 2D4D and morphological soft-tissue 2D4D across macro-ethnic groups.Objective Contrasting results are reported on the clinical course of acute diverticulitis (AD) in the geriatric population. The aim of this study is to compare the AD clinical outcomes between patients aged up to 80 years and those ≥80 years. Methods A total of 1139 patients were enrolled 276 patients aged ≥80 years were compared to a group of 863 patients aged less then 80 years. The primary outcome was to compare the overall mortality. Secondary outcomes included major complications, in-hospital length of stay (LOS), and need for surgical procedures. Results Patients ≥80 years with AD had different clinical presentation compared to younger patients they had less fever (21.4% vs. 35.2%; P less then 0.001) and abdominal pain (47.8% vs. 65.6%; P less then 0.001) rates, but a higher digestive tract bleeding (31.5% vs. 12.3%; p less then 0.001), and fatigue (12.7% vs. 7.1%; p = 0.004) rates. Median LOS, cumulative major complications and mortality rates were higher for patients ≥80 years. Multivariate analysis identified age, absence of abdominal pain, and dyspnea at presentation as independent predictors of intra hospital death or major complications.
Discriminant validity was supported by low correlations between the C-BNSS total score and the PANSS positive subscale, Calgary Depression Scale, and Simpson-Angus Scale for extrapyramidal symptoms. The C-BNSS showed a five- factor structure on Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), confirming findings of previous studies. Findings indicate that the C-BNSS demonstrates excellent psychometric properties, which are comparable to the original English version. It is a promising instrument for use in clinical trials as well as in clinical practice.The paper examines 1037 publications on bipolar disorder (BD) during the years 2000-19 from India, as listed in the Scopus database. India's publications constituted 2.27 % share of global output (45,624 publications) in the study period of 20 years. India does not figure in the top 10 countries in terms of research output on BD. The number of publications on BD from India increased from 13 in 2000 to 107 in 2019, registering 14.44 % annual average growth, higher than world's growth of 6.02 %. India's 10-year cumulative publications increased from 264 during 2000-09 to 773 during 2010-19, registering 192.8 % absolute growth, much higher than world cumulative growth of 63.27 %. India's publications on BD averaged citation impact per paper of 14.24, which decreased from 25.38 to 10.43 from 2000-09 to 2010-19. Maximum numbers of papers from India on BD were published by researchers from National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore (222 papers),Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh(118 papers), and AII India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (79 papers). Lady Harding Medical College, New Delhi (36.20 and 2.54), Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai (27.45 and 1.93), and King George's Medical University, Lucknow (25.21 and 1.77) were the most significant organizations in terms of citation per paper and relative citation index. Maximum number of papers were published in Indian Journal of Psychiatry (101 papers), followed by Asian Journal of Psychiatry (88 papers) and Indian Journal of Psychology Medicine (34 papers).A novel PAE-hydrolyzing esterase (named Hyd) gene was screened from the genomic library of Rhodococcus sp. 2G and was successfully expressed in heterologous E. coli, which was defined as a new family of esterolytic enzymes. The purified Hyd could efficiently degrade various PAEs, displaying high activity and stability with a broad range of pH (4-10) and temperature (20-60 °C). Interaction mechanism of Hyd with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was investigated by integrated multi-spectroscopic and docking simulation methods. Fluorescence and UV-vis spectra revealed that DBP could quench the fluorescence of Hyd through a static quenching mechanism. The results from synchronous fluorescence and CD spectra confirmed that the DBP binding to Hyd triggered conformational and micro-environmental changes of Hyd, which were characterized by increased stretching extent and random coil, and decreased α-helix and β-sheet. Molecular docking study showed that DBP could be bound to the cavity of Hyd with hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. A novel and distinctive catalytic mechanism was proposed two key residues Thr190 and Ser191 might catalyze the hydrolysis of DBP, instead of the conserved catalytic triad (Ser-His-Asp) reported elsewhere, which was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis.In this work, g-C3N4-x/BiOCl/WO2.92 heterojunction with "N-O" vacancies was prepared using NaBiO3 and WCl6 as raw materials and non-metal plasma of WO2.92 grew in-situ on the surface of BiOCl, resulting in the enhanced photocatalytic NO deep oxidation. XPS tests and DFT calculation indicated the formation of internal electric fields from g-C3N4-x to BiOCl, BiOCl to WO2.92, which induced the transition from Ⅱ-Ⅱ-type to double Z-scheme hetero-structure. High separation efficiency, prolong lifetime and strong redox ability of photo-generated electron-hole pairs were simultaneously achieved due to the charge capture effect of defects and double Z-scheme mechanism. Therefore, g-C3N4-x/BiOCl/WO2.92 exhibited the significantly increased NO removal rates from 21.17% (BiOCl/WO2.92) and 36.52% (g-C3N4-x) to 68.70% and the main oxidation product of NO was NO3-. This study revealed that the carrier dynamics of heterojunction photocatalysts could be optimized by the synergistic effect of defects and internal electric fields to achieve photocatalytic NO deep oxidization.This study was to investigate the occurrence, migration and health risk of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in tap water, barreled water and bottled water in Tianjin, China. Six priority controlled PAEs were measured, among which the detection frequency of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was 100%, while the others were not detected. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/az-33.html The concentration of DEHP was higher than BBP and DBP in all the samples. The initial ∑3PAEs concentrations in tap water, barreled water and bottled water were 2.409 ± 0.391 μg/L, 1.495 ± 0.213 μg/L and 1.963 ± 0.160 μg/L, respectively. Boiling tap water could reduce the PAEs content to an extent, but they increased significantly in hot tap water contacting with disposable plastic cups. The migration of PAEs in barreled water and bottled water were positively correlated with storage time and temperature, which could be described by exponential models. The hazard indexes of PAEs in different types of drinking water were very low. However, the human carcinogenic risks of DEHP will reach the maximum acceptable risk level of 10-6 when bottled water is stored for 8.8 days at 40 °C, 7.7 days at 50 °C, or 6.1 days at 60 °C.Persulfate-based chemical oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in soils usually varies drastically with soil sites. Complex effects of soil components on persulfate oxidation of TPHs remains poorly understood, impeding the understanding of persulfate oxidation in practical systems. Here we provided empirical evidence for the interrelated effects of natural soils components and target TPHs on persulfate oxidation of TPHs. Inputs of TPHs led to notable alterations of organic matter, minerals and pH of soils, which in turn influenced distributions and availability of TPHs in soils. These soil/TPH properties and oxidant dose constituted five interrelated terms that were used to develop a predictive model of persulfate oxidation of TPHs. Such interrelation accounted for ilmenite-base coupling activation of persulfate oxidation, Fe/Mn mineral activation of persulfate oxidation, chemical oxidant demand of soils, mass transfer-reactivity limiting of TPHs, and applicable parameters of persulfate oxidation, respectively.
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