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12/25/2024


In this review of the literature, we describe B-mode abdominal ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder lesions showing wall thickening.BACKROUND/OBJECTIVE Due to increasing prevalence of hearing loss and relaxation of candidacy criteria of cochlear implant (CI) supply, the number of implantations is likely to further increase. Statutory health insurances are facing ever more urgent financing challenges since CI treatment causes high life-long costs. Additionally, increasing life expectancy and earlier implantation may extend therapy time and cost. With every case being individual, this study aims to calculate the possible lifetime cost of unilateral CI treatment in adults including stochastic uncertainties. METHODS Taking a statutory health insurance perspective, relevant cost components of CI therapy and their values were identified. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate lifetime cost considering age at first implantation and distributions of costrelevant variables. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the most crucial variables impacting on lifetime cost. RESULTS Lifetime cost of CI treatment varies according to age at first implantation, respectively remaining lifetime; the earlier the implantation, the higher the overall cost. According to our simulation, the average lifetime cost for an adult patient first implanted between the age of 20-80 is at 53,030 € (present value). Cost of implantation and periodic speech processor exchanges show the highest impact on the total cost. DISCUSSION Health care systems could face rising expenses for CI supply by technical development. Innovative life-long CIs could achieve significant savings per case that could finance additional implant cost. Until then, further targeted research will be required. CONCLUSION CI-related cost for statutory health insurance crucially depends on the patient-side demand for cochlear implants. Therefore, cost forecasts must also consider the development of demand.Over the course of their long research history, a plethora of scientific names have been applied to the different species of apes (Hominoidea). Although numerous authors, past and present, have attempted to reconstruct hominoid nomenclatural history in detail, it appears that parts of it, mostly concerning the lesser apes or gibbons, still remain overlooked. Here I show that Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is a senior synonym of Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797, otherwise regarded as the oldest binomen applicable to the Javan gibbon. However, since Simia Nanodes failed to enter common usage, these names are subject to a reversal of precedence as defined by Article 23.9 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797 must be maintained as a nomen protectum, resulting in Hylobates moloch (Audebert, 1797) staying the valid name of the species. Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is declared a nomen oblitum. In compliance with this, I provide a complete scientific synonymy of the Javan gibbon and comment on its early research history.Designing effective communication strategies for correcting vaccines misinformation requires an understanding of how the target group might react to information from different sources. The present study examined whether erroneous inferences about vaccination could be effectively corrected by a perceived credible (i.e. expert or trustworthy) source. Two experiments are reported using a standard continued influence paradigm, each featuring two correction conditions on vaccine misinformation. Participants were presented with a story containing a piece of information that was later retracted by a perceived credible or not so credible source. Experiment 1 showed that providing a correction reduced participants' use of the original erroneous information, yet the overall reliance on misinformation did not significantly differ between the low- and high-expertise correction groups. Experiment 2 revealed that a correction from a high-trustworthy source decreased participants' reliance on misinformation when making inferences; nonetheless, it did not positively affect the reported intent to vaccinate one's child. Overall, source trustworthiness was more relevant than source expertise.According to the feature-based view of semantic representation, concepts can be represented as distributed networks of semantic features, which contribute with different weights to determine the overall meaning of a concept. The study of semantic features, typically collected in property generation tasks, is enriched with measures indicating the informativeness and distinctiveness of a given feature for the related concepts. However, while these measures have been provided in several languages (e.g. Italian, Spanish and English), they have hardly been applied comparatively across languages. The purpose of this paper is to investigate language-related differences and similarities emerging from the semantic representation of aggregated core features. Features with higher salience for a set of concrete concepts are identified and described in terms of their feature type. Then, comparisons are made between domains (natural vs. artefacts) and languages (Italian, Spanish and English) and descriptive statistics are provided. These results show that the characterization of concrete concepts is overall fairly stable across languages, although interesting cross-linguistic differences emerged. We will discuss the implications of our findings in relation to the theoretical paradigm of semantic feature norms, as well as in relation to speakers' mutual understanding in multilingual settings.The expression of male sexual traits, which is stimulated by testosterone, entails significant costs for individuals. Consequently, natural selection is expected to favour the modulation of sexual trait development according to the balance between its costs and benefits. The proportion of rivals in a population may affect this balance by increasing or decreasing the reproductive benefits associated with the development of sex traits. Here, we explore the relationship between testosterone level and sex trait size under two populational conditions of mate competition fenced (i.e. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk2879552-2hcl.html high male-male competition; all male age groups are present) and unfenced (i.e. low competition; most males present are juveniles). Our model species is the Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), and the sex trait is the dark ventral patch that males exhibit during the rutting season. Our results showed that the positive relationship between testosterone levels and the size of the dark ventral patch depends on the environmental level of male-male competition.

12/19/2024


A sensitivity evaluation ended up being performed to ascertain the most important variables impacting on lifetime price. OUTCOMES Lifetime cost of CI therapy varies based on age to start with implantation, respectively staying life time; the earlier the implantation, the larger the overall price. Relating to our simulation, the average life time cost for an adult patient first implanted between your chronilogical age of 20-80 is at 53,030 € (current worth). Price of implantation and regular address processor exchanges show the best effect on the total expense. CONVERSATION Health care methods could face increasing expenses for CI offer by technical development. Revolutionary life-long CIs could achieve considerable savings per situation https://lalistat2inhibitor.com/paradoxical-impact-of-socioeconomic-components-about-result-of/ which could fund additional implant cost. Until then, further targeted study may be needed. CONCLUSION CI-related expense for statutory health insurance crucially is dependent on the patient-side need for cochlear implants. Consequently, cost forecasts should also consider the development of need.Over this course of the lengthy study history, a plethora of scientific brands are put on the different species of apes (Hominoidea). Although many authors, previous and present, have attempted to reconstruct hominoid nomenclatural history in more detail, it appears that elements of it, mostly in regards to the less apes or gibbons, nonetheless remain overlooked. Here I reveal that Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is a senior synonym of Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797, usually seen as the oldest binomen appropriate to the Javan gibbon. Nevertheless, since Simia Nanodes neglected to enter typical consumption, these names are at the mercy of a reversal of precedence as defined by Article 23.9 of the Overseas Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797 needs to be maintained as a nomen protectum, resulting in Hylobates moloch (Audebert, 1797) keeping the legitimate name associated with types. Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is declared a nomen oblitum. In conformity using this, We provide an entire clinical synonymy regarding the Javan gibbon and comment on its early analysis history.Designing effective interaction approaches for fixing vaccines misinformation calls for a knowledge of how the target team might answer information from various resources. The present study examined whether incorrect inferences about vaccination could possibly be successfully corrected by a perceived credible (i.e. expert or trustworthy) resource. Two experiments are reported making use of a standard continued influence paradigm, each featuring two modification conditions on vaccine misinformation. Members had been offered an account containing a piece of information which was later retracted by a perceived legitimate or not so legitimate supply. Research 1 revealed that providing a correction reduced participants' utilization of the initial incorrect information, yet the overall dependence on misinformation didn't significantly differ between your low- and high-expertise correction teams. Experiment 2 unveiled that a correction from a high-trustworthy supply decreased members' reliance on misinformation when creating inferences; however, it didn't positively impact the reported intent to vaccinate an individual's child. Overall, source trustworthiness was more relevant than resource expertise.According to your feature-based view of semantic representation, principles is represented as distributed networks of semantic functions, which add with different loads to look for the general meaning of a notion. The study of semantic functions, typically collected in home generation jobs, is enriched with actions indicating the informativeness and distinctiveness of a given feature when it comes to relevant principles. But, while these measures are supplied in a number of languages (e.g. Italian, Spanish and English), they have scarcely already been used relatively across languages. The objective of this report would be to explore language-related differences and similarities growing from the semantic representation of aggregated core features. Features with higher salience for a couple of concrete principles tend to be identified and explained in terms of their function type. Then, reviews are manufactured between domain names (natural vs. artefacts) and languages (Italian, Spanish and English) and descriptive statistics are offered. These results show that the characterization of tangible concepts is total relatively stable across languages, although interesting cross-linguistic variations emerged. We're going to talk about the ramifications of your findings with regards to the theoretical paradigm of semantic feature norms, along with relation to speakers' mutual comprehension in multilingual settings.The phrase of male intimate characteristics, that will be stimulated by testosterone, entails significant prices for people. Consequently, normal selection is anticipated to favour the modulation of sexual characteristic development based on the balance between its prices and benefits. The percentage of rivals in a population may impact this balance by increasing or decreasing the reproductive advantages associated with the development of sex characteristics.

12/15/2024


In this review of the literature, we describe B-mode abdominal ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder lesions showing wall thickening.BACKROUND/OBJECTIVE Due to increasing prevalence of hearing loss and relaxation of candidacy criteria of cochlear implant (CI) supply, the number of implantations is likely to further increase. Statutory health insurances are facing ever more urgent financing challenges since CI treatment causes high life-long costs. Additionally, increasing life expectancy and earlier implantation may extend therapy time and cost. With every case being individual, this study aims to calculate the possible lifetime cost of unilateral CI treatment in adults including stochastic uncertainties. METHODS Taking a statutory health insurance perspective, relevant cost components of CI therapy and their values were identified. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate lifetime cost considering age at first implantation and distributions of costrelevant variables. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the most crucial variables impacting on lifetime cost. RESULTS Lifetime cost of CI treatment varies according to age at first implantation, respectively remaining lifetime; the earlier the implantation, the higher the overall cost. According to our simulation, the average lifetime cost for an adult patient first implanted between the age of 20-80 is at 53,030 € (present value). Cost of implantation and periodic speech processor exchanges show the highest impact on the total cost. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Sorafenib-Tosylate.html DISCUSSION Health care systems could face rising expenses for CI supply by technical development. Innovative life-long CIs could achieve significant savings per case that could finance additional implant cost. Until then, further targeted research will be required. CONCLUSION CI-related cost for statutory health insurance crucially depends on the patient-side demand for cochlear implants. Therefore, cost forecasts must also consider the development of demand.Over the course of their long research history, a plethora of scientific names have been applied to the different species of apes (Hominoidea). Although numerous authors, past and present, have attempted to reconstruct hominoid nomenclatural history in detail, it appears that parts of it, mostly concerning the lesser apes or gibbons, still remain overlooked. Here I show that Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is a senior synonym of Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797, otherwise regarded as the oldest binomen applicable to the Javan gibbon. However, since Simia Nanodes failed to enter common usage, these names are subject to a reversal of precedence as defined by Article 23.9 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797 must be maintained as a nomen protectum, resulting in Hylobates moloch (Audebert, 1797) staying the valid name of the species. Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is declared a nomen oblitum. In compliance with this, I provide a complete scientific synonymy of the Javan gibbon and comment on its early research history.Designing effective communication strategies for correcting vaccines misinformation requires an understanding of how the target group might react to information from different sources. The present study examined whether erroneous inferences about vaccination could be effectively corrected by a perceived credible (i.e. expert or trustworthy) source. Two experiments are reported using a standard continued influence paradigm, each featuring two correction conditions on vaccine misinformation. Participants were presented with a story containing a piece of information that was later retracted by a perceived credible or not so credible source. Experiment 1 showed that providing a correction reduced participants' use of the original erroneous information, yet the overall reliance on misinformation did not significantly differ between the low- and high-expertise correction groups. Experiment 2 revealed that a correction from a high-trustworthy source decreased participants' reliance on misinformation when making inferences; nonetheless, it did not positively affect the reported intent to vaccinate one's child. Overall, source trustworthiness was more relevant than source expertise.According to the feature-based view of semantic representation, concepts can be represented as distributed networks of semantic features, which contribute with different weights to determine the overall meaning of a concept. The study of semantic features, typically collected in property generation tasks, is enriched with measures indicating the informativeness and distinctiveness of a given feature for the related concepts. However, while these measures have been provided in several languages (e.g. Italian, Spanish and English), they have hardly been applied comparatively across languages. The purpose of this paper is to investigate language-related differences and similarities emerging from the semantic representation of aggregated core features. Features with higher salience for a set of concrete concepts are identified and described in terms of their feature type. Then, comparisons are made between domains (natural vs. artefacts) and languages (Italian, Spanish and English) and descriptive statistics are provided. These results show that the characterization of concrete concepts is overall fairly stable across languages, although interesting cross-linguistic differences emerged. We will discuss the implications of our findings in relation to the theoretical paradigm of semantic feature norms, as well as in relation to speakers' mutual understanding in multilingual settings.The expression of male sexual traits, which is stimulated by testosterone, entails significant costs for individuals. Consequently, natural selection is expected to favour the modulation of sexual trait development according to the balance between its costs and benefits. The proportion of rivals in a population may affect this balance by increasing or decreasing the reproductive benefits associated with the development of sex traits. Here, we explore the relationship between testosterone level and sex trait size under two populational conditions of mate competition fenced (i.e. high male-male competition; all male age groups are present) and unfenced (i.e. low competition; most males present are juveniles). Our model species is the Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), and the sex trait is the dark ventral patch that males exhibit during the rutting season. Our results showed that the positive relationship between testosterone levels and the size of the dark ventral patch depends on the environmental level of male-male competition.

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12/25/2024


In this review of the literature, we describe B-mode abdominal ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder lesions showing wall thickening.BACKROUND/OBJECTIVE Due to increasing prevalence of hearing loss and relaxation of candidacy criteria of cochlear implant (CI) supply, the number of implantations is likely to further increase. Statutory health insurances are facing ever more urgent financing challenges since CI treatment causes high life-long costs. Additionally, increasing life expectancy and earlier implantation may extend therapy time and cost. With every case being individual, this study aims to calculate the possible lifetime cost of unilateral CI treatment in adults including stochastic uncertainties. METHODS Taking a statutory health insurance perspective, relevant cost components of CI therapy and their values were identified. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate lifetime cost considering age at first implantation and distributions of costrelevant variables. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the most crucial variables impacting on lifetime cost. RESULTS Lifetime cost of CI treatment varies according to age at first implantation, respectively remaining lifetime; the earlier the implantation, the higher the overall cost. According to our simulation, the average lifetime cost for an adult patient first implanted between the age of 20-80 is at 53,030 € (present value). Cost of implantation and periodic speech processor exchanges show the highest impact on the total cost. DISCUSSION Health care systems could face rising expenses for CI supply by technical development. Innovative life-long CIs could achieve significant savings per case that could finance additional implant cost. Until then, further targeted research will be required. CONCLUSION CI-related cost for statutory health insurance crucially depends on the patient-side demand for cochlear implants. Therefore, cost forecasts must also consider the development of demand.Over the course of their long research history, a plethora of scientific names have been applied to the different species of apes (Hominoidea). Although numerous authors, past and present, have attempted to reconstruct hominoid nomenclatural history in detail, it appears that parts of it, mostly concerning the lesser apes or gibbons, still remain overlooked. Here I show that Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is a senior synonym of Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797, otherwise regarded as the oldest binomen applicable to the Javan gibbon. However, since Simia Nanodes failed to enter common usage, these names are subject to a reversal of precedence as defined by Article 23.9 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797 must be maintained as a nomen protectum, resulting in Hylobates moloch (Audebert, 1797) staying the valid name of the species. Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is declared a nomen oblitum. In compliance with this, I provide a complete scientific synonymy of the Javan gibbon and comment on its early research history.Designing effective communication strategies for correcting vaccines misinformation requires an understanding of how the target group might react to information from different sources. The present study examined whether erroneous inferences about vaccination could be effectively corrected by a perceived credible (i.e. expert or trustworthy) source. Two experiments are reported using a standard continued influence paradigm, each featuring two correction conditions on vaccine misinformation. Participants were presented with a story containing a piece of information that was later retracted by a perceived credible or not so credible source. Experiment 1 showed that providing a correction reduced participants' use of the original erroneous information, yet the overall reliance on misinformation did not significantly differ between the low- and high-expertise correction groups. Experiment 2 revealed that a correction from a high-trustworthy source decreased participants' reliance on misinformation when making inferences; nonetheless, it did not positively affect the reported intent to vaccinate one's child. Overall, source trustworthiness was more relevant than source expertise.According to the feature-based view of semantic representation, concepts can be represented as distributed networks of semantic features, which contribute with different weights to determine the overall meaning of a concept. The study of semantic features, typically collected in property generation tasks, is enriched with measures indicating the informativeness and distinctiveness of a given feature for the related concepts. However, while these measures have been provided in several languages (e.g. Italian, Spanish and English), they have hardly been applied comparatively across languages. The purpose of this paper is to investigate language-related differences and similarities emerging from the semantic representation of aggregated core features. Features with higher salience for a set of concrete concepts are identified and described in terms of their feature type. Then, comparisons are made between domains (natural vs. artefacts) and languages (Italian, Spanish and English) and descriptive statistics are provided. These results show that the characterization of concrete concepts is overall fairly stable across languages, although interesting cross-linguistic differences emerged. We will discuss the implications of our findings in relation to the theoretical paradigm of semantic feature norms, as well as in relation to speakers' mutual understanding in multilingual settings.The expression of male sexual traits, which is stimulated by testosterone, entails significant costs for individuals. Consequently, natural selection is expected to favour the modulation of sexual trait development according to the balance between its costs and benefits. The proportion of rivals in a population may affect this balance by increasing or decreasing the reproductive benefits associated with the development of sex traits. Here, we explore the relationship between testosterone level and sex trait size under two populational conditions of mate competition fenced (i.e. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk2879552-2hcl.html high male-male competition; all male age groups are present) and unfenced (i.e. low competition; most males present are juveniles). Our model species is the Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), and the sex trait is the dark ventral patch that males exhibit during the rutting season. Our results showed that the positive relationship between testosterone levels and the size of the dark ventral patch depends on the environmental level of male-male competition.

12/19/2024


A sensitivity evaluation ended up being performed to ascertain the most important variables impacting on lifetime price. OUTCOMES Lifetime cost of CI therapy varies based on age to start with implantation, respectively staying life time; the earlier the implantation, the larger the overall price. Relating to our simulation, the average life time cost for an adult patient first implanted between your chronilogical age of 20-80 is at 53,030 € (current worth). Price of implantation and regular address processor exchanges show the best effect on the total expense. CONVERSATION Health care methods could face increasing expenses for CI offer by technical development. Revolutionary life-long CIs could achieve considerable savings per situation https://lalistat2inhibitor.com/paradoxical-impact-of-socioeconomic-components-about-result-of/ which could fund additional implant cost. Until then, further targeted study may be needed. CONCLUSION CI-related expense for statutory health insurance crucially is dependent on the patient-side need for cochlear implants. Consequently, cost forecasts should also consider the development of need.Over this course of the lengthy study history, a plethora of scientific brands are put on the different species of apes (Hominoidea). Although many authors, previous and present, have attempted to reconstruct hominoid nomenclatural history in more detail, it appears that elements of it, mostly in regards to the less apes or gibbons, nonetheless remain overlooked. Here I reveal that Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is a senior synonym of Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797, usually seen as the oldest binomen appropriate to the Javan gibbon. Nevertheless, since Simia Nanodes neglected to enter typical consumption, these names are at the mercy of a reversal of precedence as defined by Article 23.9 of the Overseas Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797 needs to be maintained as a nomen protectum, resulting in Hylobates moloch (Audebert, 1797) keeping the legitimate name associated with types. Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is declared a nomen oblitum. In conformity using this, We provide an entire clinical synonymy regarding the Javan gibbon and comment on its early analysis history.Designing effective interaction approaches for fixing vaccines misinformation calls for a knowledge of how the target team might answer information from various resources. The present study examined whether incorrect inferences about vaccination could possibly be successfully corrected by a perceived credible (i.e. expert or trustworthy) resource. Two experiments are reported making use of a standard continued influence paradigm, each featuring two modification conditions on vaccine misinformation. Members had been offered an account containing a piece of information which was later retracted by a perceived legitimate or not so legitimate supply. Research 1 revealed that providing a correction reduced participants' utilization of the initial incorrect information, yet the overall dependence on misinformation didn't significantly differ between your low- and high-expertise correction teams. Experiment 2 unveiled that a correction from a high-trustworthy supply decreased members' reliance on misinformation when creating inferences; however, it didn't positively impact the reported intent to vaccinate an individual's child. Overall, source trustworthiness was more relevant than resource expertise.According to your feature-based view of semantic representation, principles is represented as distributed networks of semantic functions, which add with different loads to look for the general meaning of a notion. The study of semantic functions, typically collected in home generation jobs, is enriched with actions indicating the informativeness and distinctiveness of a given feature when it comes to relevant principles. But, while these measures are supplied in a number of languages (e.g. Italian, Spanish and English), they have scarcely already been used relatively across languages. The objective of this report would be to explore language-related differences and similarities growing from the semantic representation of aggregated core features. Features with higher salience for a couple of concrete principles tend to be identified and explained in terms of their function type. Then, reviews are manufactured between domain names (natural vs. artefacts) and languages (Italian, Spanish and English) and descriptive statistics are offered. These results show that the characterization of tangible concepts is total relatively stable across languages, although interesting cross-linguistic variations emerged. We're going to talk about the ramifications of your findings with regards to the theoretical paradigm of semantic feature norms, along with relation to speakers' mutual comprehension in multilingual settings.The phrase of male intimate characteristics, that will be stimulated by testosterone, entails significant prices for people. Consequently, normal selection is anticipated to favour the modulation of sexual characteristic development based on the balance between its prices and benefits. The percentage of rivals in a population may impact this balance by increasing or decreasing the reproductive advantages associated with the development of sex characteristics.

12/15/2024


In this review of the literature, we describe B-mode abdominal ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder lesions showing wall thickening.BACKROUND/OBJECTIVE Due to increasing prevalence of hearing loss and relaxation of candidacy criteria of cochlear implant (CI) supply, the number of implantations is likely to further increase. Statutory health insurances are facing ever more urgent financing challenges since CI treatment causes high life-long costs. Additionally, increasing life expectancy and earlier implantation may extend therapy time and cost. With every case being individual, this study aims to calculate the possible lifetime cost of unilateral CI treatment in adults including stochastic uncertainties. METHODS Taking a statutory health insurance perspective, relevant cost components of CI therapy and their values were identified. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate lifetime cost considering age at first implantation and distributions of costrelevant variables. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the most crucial variables impacting on lifetime cost. RESULTS Lifetime cost of CI treatment varies according to age at first implantation, respectively remaining lifetime; the earlier the implantation, the higher the overall cost. According to our simulation, the average lifetime cost for an adult patient first implanted between the age of 20-80 is at 53,030 € (present value). Cost of implantation and periodic speech processor exchanges show the highest impact on the total cost. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Sorafenib-Tosylate.html DISCUSSION Health care systems could face rising expenses for CI supply by technical development. Innovative life-long CIs could achieve significant savings per case that could finance additional implant cost. Until then, further targeted research will be required. CONCLUSION CI-related cost for statutory health insurance crucially depends on the patient-side demand for cochlear implants. Therefore, cost forecasts must also consider the development of demand.Over the course of their long research history, a plethora of scientific names have been applied to the different species of apes (Hominoidea). Although numerous authors, past and present, have attempted to reconstruct hominoid nomenclatural history in detail, it appears that parts of it, mostly concerning the lesser apes or gibbons, still remain overlooked. Here I show that Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is a senior synonym of Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797, otherwise regarded as the oldest binomen applicable to the Javan gibbon. However, since Simia Nanodes failed to enter common usage, these names are subject to a reversal of precedence as defined by Article 23.9 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797 must be maintained as a nomen protectum, resulting in Hylobates moloch (Audebert, 1797) staying the valid name of the species. Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is declared a nomen oblitum. In compliance with this, I provide a complete scientific synonymy of the Javan gibbon and comment on its early research history.Designing effective communication strategies for correcting vaccines misinformation requires an understanding of how the target group might react to information from different sources. The present study examined whether erroneous inferences about vaccination could be effectively corrected by a perceived credible (i.e. expert or trustworthy) source. Two experiments are reported using a standard continued influence paradigm, each featuring two correction conditions on vaccine misinformation. Participants were presented with a story containing a piece of information that was later retracted by a perceived credible or not so credible source. Experiment 1 showed that providing a correction reduced participants' use of the original erroneous information, yet the overall reliance on misinformation did not significantly differ between the low- and high-expertise correction groups. Experiment 2 revealed that a correction from a high-trustworthy source decreased participants' reliance on misinformation when making inferences; nonetheless, it did not positively affect the reported intent to vaccinate one's child. Overall, source trustworthiness was more relevant than source expertise.According to the feature-based view of semantic representation, concepts can be represented as distributed networks of semantic features, which contribute with different weights to determine the overall meaning of a concept. The study of semantic features, typically collected in property generation tasks, is enriched with measures indicating the informativeness and distinctiveness of a given feature for the related concepts. However, while these measures have been provided in several languages (e.g. Italian, Spanish and English), they have hardly been applied comparatively across languages. The purpose of this paper is to investigate language-related differences and similarities emerging from the semantic representation of aggregated core features. Features with higher salience for a set of concrete concepts are identified and described in terms of their feature type. Then, comparisons are made between domains (natural vs. artefacts) and languages (Italian, Spanish and English) and descriptive statistics are provided. These results show that the characterization of concrete concepts is overall fairly stable across languages, although interesting cross-linguistic differences emerged. We will discuss the implications of our findings in relation to the theoretical paradigm of semantic feature norms, as well as in relation to speakers' mutual understanding in multilingual settings.The expression of male sexual traits, which is stimulated by testosterone, entails significant costs for individuals. Consequently, natural selection is expected to favour the modulation of sexual trait development according to the balance between its costs and benefits. The proportion of rivals in a population may affect this balance by increasing or decreasing the reproductive benefits associated with the development of sex traits. Here, we explore the relationship between testosterone level and sex trait size under two populational conditions of mate competition fenced (i.e. high male-male competition; all male age groups are present) and unfenced (i.e. low competition; most males present are juveniles). Our model species is the Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), and the sex trait is the dark ventral patch that males exhibit during the rutting season. Our results showed that the positive relationship between testosterone levels and the size of the dark ventral patch depends on the environmental level of male-male competition.

12/14/2024


In this review of the literature, we describe B-mode abdominal ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder lesions showing wall thickening.BACKROUND/OBJECTIVE Due to increasing prevalence of hearing loss and relaxation of candidacy criteria of cochlear implant (CI) supply, the number of implantations is likely to further increase. Statutory health insurances are facing ever more urgent financing challenges since CI treatment causes high life-long costs. Additionally, increasing life expectancy and earlier implantation may extend therapy time and cost. With every case being individual, this study aims to calculate the possible lifetime cost of unilateral CI treatment in adults including stochastic uncertainties. METHODS Taking a statutory health insurance perspective, relevant cost components of CI therapy and their values were identified. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate lifetime cost considering age at first implantation and distributions of costrelevant variables. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the most crucial variables impacting on lifetime cost. RESULTS Lifetime cost of CI treatment varies according to age at first implantation, respectively remaining lifetime; the earlier the implantation, the higher the overall cost. According to our simulation, the average lifetime cost for an adult patient first implanted between the age of 20-80 is at 53,030 € (present value). Cost of implantation and periodic speech processor exchanges show the highest impact on the total cost. DISCUSSION Health care systems could face rising expenses for CI supply by technical development. Innovative life-long CIs could achieve significant savings per case that could finance additional implant cost. Until then, further targeted research will be required. CONCLUSION CI-related cost for statutory health insurance crucially depends on the patient-side demand for cochlear implants. Therefore, cost forecasts must also consider the development of demand.Over the course of their long research history, a plethora of scientific names have been applied to the different species of apes (Hominoidea). Although numerous authors, past and present, have attempted to reconstruct hominoid nomenclatural history in detail, it appears that parts of it, mostly concerning the lesser apes or gibbons, still remain overlooked. Here I show that Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is a senior synonym of Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797, otherwise regarded as the oldest binomen applicable to the Javan gibbon. However, since Simia Nanodes failed to enter common usage, these names are subject to a reversal of precedence as defined by Article 23.9 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797 must be maintained as a nomen protectum, resulting in Hylobates moloch (Audebert, 1797) staying the valid name of the species. Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is declared a nomen oblitum. In compliance with this, I provide a complete scientific synonymy of the Javan gibbon and comment on its early research history.Designing effective communication strategies for correcting vaccines misinformation requires an understanding of how the target group might react to information from different sources. The present study examined whether erroneous inferences about vaccination could be effectively corrected by a perceived credible (i.e. expert or trustworthy) source. Two experiments are reported using a standard continued influence paradigm, each featuring two correction conditions on vaccine misinformation. Participants were presented with a story containing a piece of information that was later retracted by a perceived credible or not so credible source. Experiment 1 showed that providing a correction reduced participants' use of the original erroneous information, yet the overall reliance on misinformation did not significantly differ between the low- and high-expertise correction groups. Experiment 2 revealed that a correction from a high-trustworthy source decreased participants' reliance on misinformation when making inferences; nonetheless, it did not positively affect the reported intent to vaccinate one's child. Overall, source trustworthiness was more relevant than source expertise.According to the feature-based view of semantic representation, concepts can be represented as distributed networks of semantic features, which contribute with different weights to determine the overall meaning of a concept. The study of semantic features, typically collected in property generation tasks, is enriched with measures indicating the informativeness and distinctiveness of a given feature for the related concepts. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-431542.html However, while these measures have been provided in several languages (e.g. Italian, Spanish and English), they have hardly been applied comparatively across languages. The purpose of this paper is to investigate language-related differences and similarities emerging from the semantic representation of aggregated core features. Features with higher salience for a set of concrete concepts are identified and described in terms of their feature type. Then, comparisons are made between domains (natural vs. artefacts) and languages (Italian, Spanish and English) and descriptive statistics are provided. These results show that the characterization of concrete concepts is overall fairly stable across languages, although interesting cross-linguistic differences emerged. We will discuss the implications of our findings in relation to the theoretical paradigm of semantic feature norms, as well as in relation to speakers' mutual understanding in multilingual settings.The expression of male sexual traits, which is stimulated by testosterone, entails significant costs for individuals. Consequently, natural selection is expected to favour the modulation of sexual trait development according to the balance between its costs and benefits. The proportion of rivals in a population may affect this balance by increasing or decreasing the reproductive benefits associated with the development of sex traits. Here, we explore the relationship between testosterone level and sex trait size under two populational conditions of mate competition fenced (i.e. high male-male competition; all male age groups are present) and unfenced (i.e. low competition; most males present are juveniles). Our model species is the Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), and the sex trait is the dark ventral patch that males exhibit during the rutting season. Our results showed that the positive relationship between testosterone levels and the size of the dark ventral patch depends on the environmental level of male-male competition.

11/28/2024


In this review of the literature, we describe B-mode abdominal ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder lesions showing wall thickening.BACKROUND/OBJECTIVE Due to increasing prevalence of hearing loss and relaxation of candidacy criteria of cochlear implant (CI) supply, the number of implantations is likely to further increase. Statutory health insurances are facing ever more urgent financing challenges since CI treatment causes high life-long costs. Additionally, increasing life expectancy and earlier implantation may extend therapy time and cost. With every case being individual, this study aims to calculate the possible lifetime cost of unilateral CI treatment in adults including stochastic uncertainties. METHODS Taking a statutory health insurance perspective, relevant cost components of CI therapy and their values were identified. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate lifetime cost considering age at first implantation and distributions of costrelevant variables. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the most crucial variables impacting on lifetime cost. RESULTS Lifetime cost of CI treatment varies according to age at first implantation, respectively remaining lifetime; the earlier the implantation, the higher the overall cost. According to our simulation, the average lifetime cost for an adult patient first implanted between the age of 20-80 is at 53,030 € (present value). Cost of implantation and periodic speech processor exchanges show the highest impact on the total cost. DISCUSSION Health care systems could face rising expenses for CI supply by technical development. Innovative life-long CIs could achieve significant savings per case that could finance additional implant cost. Until then, further targeted research will be required. CONCLUSION CI-related cost for statutory health insurance crucially depends on the patient-side demand for cochlear implants. Therefore, cost forecasts must also consider the development of demand.Over the course of their long research history, a plethora of scientific names have been applied to the different species of apes (Hominoidea). Although numerous authors, past and present, have attempted to reconstruct hominoid nomenclatural history in detail, it appears that parts of it, mostly concerning the lesser apes or gibbons, still remain overlooked. Here I show that Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is a senior synonym of Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797, otherwise regarded as the oldest binomen applicable to the Javan gibbon. However, since Simia Nanodes failed to enter common usage, these names are subject to a reversal of precedence as defined by Article 23.9 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Simia Moloch Audebert, 1797 must be maintained as a nomen protectum, resulting in Hylobates moloch (Audebert, 1797) staying the valid name of the species. Simia Nanodes Lichtenstein, 1791 is declared a nomen oblitum. In compliance with this, I provide a complete scientific synonymy of the Javan gibbon and comment on its early research history.Designing effective communication strategies for correcting vaccines misinformation requires an understanding of how the target group might react to information from different sources. The present study examined whether erroneous inferences about vaccination could be effectively corrected by a perceived credible (i.e. expert or trustworthy) source. Two experiments are reported using a standard continued influence paradigm, each featuring two correction conditions on vaccine misinformation. Participants were presented with a story containing a piece of information that was later retracted by a perceived credible or not so credible source. Experiment 1 showed that providing a correction reduced participants' use of the original erroneous information, yet the overall reliance on misinformation did not significantly differ between the low- and high-expertise correction groups. Experiment 2 revealed that a correction from a high-trustworthy source decreased participants' reliance on misinformation when making inferences; nonetheless, it did not positively affect the reported intent to vaccinate one's child. Overall, source trustworthiness was more relevant than source expertise.According to the feature-based view of semantic representation, concepts can be represented as distributed networks of semantic features, which contribute with different weights to determine the overall meaning of a concept. The study of semantic features, typically collected in property generation tasks, is enriched with measures indicating the informativeness and distinctiveness of a given feature for the related concepts. However, while these measures have been provided in several languages (e.g. Italian, Spanish and English), they have hardly been applied comparatively across languages. The purpose of this paper is to investigate language-related differences and similarities emerging from the semantic representation of aggregated core features. Features with higher salience for a set of concrete concepts are identified and described in terms of their feature type. Then, comparisons are made between domains (natural vs. artefacts) and languages (Italian, Spanish and English) and descriptive statistics are provided. These results show that the characterization of concrete concepts is overall fairly stable across languages, although interesting cross-linguistic differences emerged. We will discuss the implications of our findings in relation to the theoretical paradigm of semantic feature norms, as well as in relation to speakers' mutual understanding in multilingual settings.The expression of male sexual traits, which is stimulated by testosterone, entails significant costs for individuals. Consequently, natural selection is expected to favour the modulation of sexual trait development according to the balance between its costs and benefits. The proportion of rivals in a population may affect this balance by increasing or decreasing the reproductive benefits associated with the development of sex traits. Here, we explore the relationship between testosterone level and sex trait size under two populational conditions of mate competition fenced (i.e. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/epz-5676.html high male-male competition; all male age groups are present) and unfenced (i.e. low competition; most males present are juveniles). Our model species is the Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), and the sex trait is the dark ventral patch that males exhibit during the rutting season. Our results showed that the positive relationship between testosterone levels and the size of the dark ventral patch depends on the environmental level of male-male competition.