Due to increased bacterial multi-drug resistance (MDR), there is an antibiotic depletion to treat infectious diseases. Consequently, other promising options have emerged, such as the antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation therapy (aPDI) based on photosensitizer (PS) compounds to produce light-activated local oxidative stress (photooxidative stress). However, there are scarce studies regarding the mode of action of PS compounds to induce photooxidative stress on pathogenic γ-proteobacteria such as MDR-Klebsiella pneumoniae.
The mode of action exerted by the cationic Ir(III)-based PS (PSIR-3) to inhibit the growth of K. pneumoniae was analyzed. RT-qPCR determined the transcriptional response induced by PSIR-3 on bacteria treated with aPDI. The expression levels of genes associated with a bacterial oxidative response, such as oxyR and sodA, and the extracytoplasmic, regulators rpoE and hfq were determined. Also, were determined the transcriptional response of the extracytoplasmic factors mrkD, acrB, magA, and rmpA.
At 17 μW/cm
photon flux and 4 μg/mL of the PSIR-3 compound, the K. pneumoniae growth was inhibited in 3 log
. Compared with untreated bacteria, the transcriptional response induced by PSIR-3 occurs via the extracytoplasmic sigma factor rpoE and hfq. In contrast, no participation in the oxyR pathway or induction of the sodA gene was observed. This response was accompanied by the upregulation of the extracytoplasmic virulence factors mrkD, magA, and rmpA.
PDI aPDI produced by PSIR-3 kills K. pneumoniae and may induce damage to the bacterial envelope. The bacterium tries to avoid this injury by activation of extracytoplasmic factors mediated through the rpoE regulon.
PDI aPDI produced by PSIR-3 kills K. pneumoniae and may induce damage to the bacterial envelope. The bacterium tries to avoid this injury by activation of extracytoplasmic factors mediated through the rpoE regulon.
Usefulness of preoperative tissue sampling and pathology diagnoses in parotid gland tumors were accepted worldwide. We investigate the role of CNB in the parotid gland lesions when FNA results are inconclusive.
We conducted a cross sectional study to evaluate CNB results from fifty-two patients with history of parotid gland lesion and inconclusive previous fine needle aspiration.
In this study, 45 out of 52 CNB results determined definite histological subtype diagnosis. Four CNB reports were inconclusive and three CNB results were compatible with malignancies, but did not define definite diagnosis. Calculated sensitivity for diagnosis of malignancy was 96% and specificity was 85%. Negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy for CNB in detecting malignancy, were calculated 94%, 90%, and 92%, respectively.
When FNA is not conclusive, CNB may be used as a precise method to evaluate the parotid gland lesions.
When FNA is not conclusive, CNB may be used as a precise method to evaluate the parotid gland lesions.
To determine if there is a difference in fatigue for caregivers of children with otitis media pre and post ventilation tube insertion (VTI).
Consecutive parents presenting with children at a pediatric otolaryngology practice at an academic medical center with recurrent otitis media who met criteria for VTI or who were following up within 6weeks of VTI were surveyed with the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ), a Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale (VAS-F), and demographic questions.
No significant demographic differences were found (P<0.05) in the preop versus postop groups. 101 parents participated, 88 mothers and 13 fathers. 59.4% were married or cohabitating, 18.8% were single, 10.9% were divorced, and 10.9% declined to answer. 45.5% were aged 18-29years, 50.1% were 30-39years, 2.9% were 40+ years, 1.0% declined to answer. 53.0% were college graduates. 46 (45.5%) were preop and 55 (54.5%) were postop. There were no statistical differences between these groups for age, gender, marital status, education level or number or children in the household. Mean VAS-F, with 0 being worst fatigue and 10 being normal, was 5.256 in the preop group and 6.777 in the postop group (p<0.001). Mean CFQ, with higher numbers meaning worse fatigue, was 15.749 in the preop group and 11.804 in the postop group (p=0.002).
Parental fatigue can have significant effects on the family. Fatigue in parents whose children have otitis media has not been previously described. VTI for recurrent otitis media in children is associated with improved fatigue in their parents.
Parental fatigue can have significant effects on the family. Fatigue in parents whose children have otitis media has not been previously described. VTI for recurrent otitis media in children is associated with improved fatigue in their parents.
The novel Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) continues to have profound effect on global health. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and characterize specific symptoms associated with COVID-19.
This retrospective study included 326 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection evaluated at the Emergency Department of the Umberto I Polyclinic Hospital, Rome, Italy between March 6th and April 30th, 2020. In order to assess xerostomia, olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions secondary to COVID-19, a telephone-based a modified survey obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 for taste and smell disorders and the Fox Questionnaire for dry mouth were administered to 111 patients (34%) after discharge between June 4th and June 12th.
Taste dysfunction was the most common reported symptom (59.5%; n=66), followed by xerostomia (45.9%; n=51) and olfactory dysfunctions (41.4%; n=46). The most severe symptom was olfactory dysfunction with a median severity score of 8.5 (range 5-10). Overall 74.5% (n=38) of patients with xerostomia, 78.8% (n=52) of patients with gustatory dysfunctions and 71.1% (n=33) of patients with olfactory dysfunctions reported that all symptoms appeared before COVID-19 diagnosis. Overall, the majority of patients reported one symptom only (45.9%, n=51), 37 (33.3%) reported the association of two symptoms, and 23 (20.7%) patients reported the association of three symptoms at the same time.
Xerostomia, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions may present as a prodromal or as the sole manifestation of COVID-19. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tas-120.html Awareness is fundamental to identify COVID-19 patients at an early stage of the disease and limit the spread of the virus.
Xerostomia, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions may present as a prodromal or as the sole manifestation of COVID-19. Awareness is fundamental to identify COVID-19 patients at an early stage of the disease and limit the spread of the virus.