Since antiquity, specialists have worked to facilitate the communication of hearing impaired individuals, which according to the current literature, is among the disabilities that have the greatest impact on the quality of life. The system by which deaf people communicate is based essentially on sign language and the manual alphabet, employing gestures, and facial and body expressions. Although there is no exact data on how many people communicated through sign language in ancient times, studies show manual alphabets were used by deaf people in Europe in the early 15th century. Perhaps this was a reflection of a significant number of deaf people living throughout Europe at that time and who needed sign language to communicate. In this context, this manuscript, for the first time, demonstrates the renowned Italian Renaissance artist and genius of human anatomy Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) may have used deaf sign language in the fresco The Crucifixion of Saint Peter [Cappella Paolina, Vatican City, Italy]. This would demonstrate the engagement of one of the greatest Renaissance artists, with a clinical condition that has been studied by numerous health specialists since ancient times.Today, the recovery, study and exposition of archaeological human remains are subjected to new discussions. Human remains preserve a clear record of past life to later generations. These remains, even if dated hundreds or thousands of years ago, maintain their human dignity and force the community to reflect on the ethical issues related to their analysis, curation and display. Such a topic stimulate a continuous dialogue between the different actors of the bioarchaeological/osteoarchaeological/anthropological (physical and forensic) field archaeologists, anthropologists, bioethicists, museum curators and other figures in order to give voice to a broad range of approaches and identify shared paths on the management of human remains that respect human dignity and different cultural values of community. As a "culturally sensitive material", human remains collections must be acquired and handled with respect regardless of their age and legitimacy of provenance. The opening up to disciplines quite far from the expertize of museum curators is an essential prerequisite to increase awareness towards ethical issues and to develop guidelines that take into account the dignity of the person and the cultural values of community to whom human remains belonged. Accordingly, the authors stimulate the increase of the discussion and try to identify solutions sensitive to the issue.During the Middle Ages, Parma, in Northern Italy, undoubtedly represented a landmark for surgical science and practice all around Europe. Around the same period the Salernitan Medical School, already famous since the high Middle Ages, reached its whole scientific role. Due to the importance reached by the School, for centuries several physicians throughout Europe, aiming for an international fame, told they were "Salernitan". One of the most famous examples is represented by Roger Frugardi, or Ruggero Frugardo, or Ruggero da Parma (before 1140 - about 1195), who was widely known as "Rogerius Salernitanus" (Roger of Salerno), meaning that his scientific success was a consequence of the affiliation to the Salernitan Medical School. Roger wrote an important book, the "Practica Chirurgiae" (Surgical Practice), also known as "Rogerina", edited and published by his pupil Guido "the young" of Arezzo. It was the first Handbook of Surgery in the post-Latin Europe, containing important innovations, such as the very first description of a thyroidectomy, thus influencing surgical practice until late Renaissance. The Roger's pupil Rolando dei Capelluti was the successor and extensor of his Master's work. In his work he particularly developed the cranial surgery and the study of neurological diseases (e.g., epilepsy or mania). His masterwork, known as "Rolandina", also influenced European surgery for centuries.Nobel Prizes are prestigious world awards attributed for intellectual achievements. There are six prizes awarded each year from a fund bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833-1896). Each Prize consists of a diploma, a gold medal and a sum of money and it may be attributed to one, two or three different persons. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is regarded as the most relevant scientific acknowledgement in the biomedical area and is annually assigned to the living researcher, or researchers, who has/have more contributed to progress in this field. Nobel Prizes in Medicine so far attributed are 110 with 219 medicine laureates, of whom the youngest was 32 years old and the oldest 87. Twelve women have been awarded the prize and nobody has been awarded it more than once. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is fundamental and its more than secular history certifies this. Generations of distinguished scientists have rightly been awarded it for discoveries, demonstrations and applications of paramount relevance. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/m344.html The geographical distribution and the number of scholars appointed with the Nobel Prize in Medicine, the areas of health sciences and biomedical research related to the awards and the motivations of the annually attributed Nobel Prize in Medicine provide a complete and stimulating historical and epistemological panorama of medicine, biology and health sciences in the course of the XX and XXI centuries.
Job burnout is the psychosocial judgement of the physical and psychological tiredness result to the prolongation emotional pressure associated to the job. This study purposed to assess burnout prevalence among Italian nurses who worked in different contexts.
Burnout was assessed by the Italian version of the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey. Data were collected in July and August 2019.
300 Italian nurses voluntary participated in this study. Questionnaire were administered by Google Forms application, were all Italian nurses could participate.
Emotional Exhaustion (EE) is the most representative dimension of burnout. This outcome becomes more acute with greater age and seniority in the position, due to the stress and monotony encountered and/or job dissatisfaction.
Emotional Exhaustion (EE) is the most representative dimension of burnout. This outcome becomes more acute with greater age and seniority in the position, due to the stress and monotony encountered and/or job dissatisfaction.