Thus, a meticulous follow-up of cancer survivors with history of cranial irradiation by an annual MRI scan is justifiable. This will help clinicians to detect secondary brain tumors early and make its management much easier. © 2020 Greater Poland Cancer Centre. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Background Decision-making in public health and health policy is complex and requires careful deliberation of many and sometimes conflicting normative and technical criteria. Several approaches and tools, such as multi-criteria decision analysis, health technology assessments and evidence-to-decision (EtD) frameworks, have been proposed to guide decision-makers in selecting the criteria most relevant and appropriate for a transparent decision-making process. This study forms part of the development of the WHO-INTEGRATE EtD framework, a framework rooted in global health norms and values as reflected in key documents of the World Health Organization and the United Nations system. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of criteria used in or proposed for real-world decision-making processes, including guideline development, health technology assessment, resource allocation and others. Methods We conducted an overview of systematic reviews through a combination of systematic literaturharms"; "Human and individual rights"; "Acceptability considerations"; "Societal considerations"; "Considerations of equity, equality and fairness"; "Cost and financial considerations"; and "Feasibility and health system considerations". In addition, we identified an eight criterion "Evidence". Conclusion This overview of systematic reviews provides a comprehensive overview of criteria used or suggested for real-world health decision-making. It also discusses key challenges in the selection of the most appropriate criteria and in seeking to implement a fair decision-making process. © The Author(s) 2020.Background A well-functioning education system for family nurses is a priority of the primary health care reform in Tajikistan. In 2015/2016, a baseline study was carried out to measure the educational environment at two nursing colleges, in Kulob and Dushanbe. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/deferoxamine-mesylate.html Building on the study's recommendations, the educational reform has addressed several key issues to improve the educational environment among nursing students with a focus on strengthening competency-based learning and clinical skills. A follow-up study was carried out in late 2018 to comparatively analyse progress in the educational environment against the baseline and assess potential impacts of tailored interventions. Method A repeated cross-sectional survey involving 1239 students was applied to measure changes in the educational environment between 2015/2016 (baseline) and 2018 (endline) using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). We compared mean scores over time using Welch's two sample t-test and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test016 and 2018 which points to a likely positive contribution of the nursing education reform. This progress notwithstanding, there is still notable room for further improvement. Targeted efforts aimed at a better organization of practical trainings, improved didactical competences of teachers, and support structures for lonely and stressed students still seem to be lacking for the achievement of a good nursing education system in Tajikistan. © The Author(s). 2020.The liver is sensitive to pathogen-induced acute or chronic liver injury, and liver transplantation (LT) is the only effective strategy for end-stage liver diseases. However, the clinical application is limited by a shortage of liver organs, immunological rejection and high cost. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has gradually become a hot topic for promoting liver regeneration and repairing liver injury in various liver diseases, since MSCs are reported to migrate toward injured tissues, undergo hepatogenic differentiation, inhibit inflammatory factor release and enhance the proliferation of liver cells in vivo. MSCs exert immunoregulatory effects through cell-cell contact and the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors to inhibit liver inflammation and promote liver regeneration. In addition, MSCs are reported to effectively inhibit the activation of cells of the innate immune system, including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and other immune cells, and inhibit the activation of cells of the adaptive immune system, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and subsets of T cells or B cells. In the current review, we mainly focus on the potential effects and mechanisms of MSCs in inhibiting the activation of immune cells to attenuate liver injury in models or patients with acute liver failure (ALF), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver fibrosis and in patients or models after LT. We highlight that MSC transplantation may replace general therapies for eliminating acute or chronic liver injury in the near future. © The author(s).Casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) and casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε) have been proposed to be involved in DNA replication, differentiation and apoptosis, thus participating in the regulation of tumorigenesis. However, their functions in colon cancer and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we found that the expression of CK1ε and CK1δ increased significantly in cancer tissues and the upregulation of CK1ε and CK1δ were closely related to poor differentiation, advanced TNM stage and poor prognosis of colon cancer. CK1δ/ε inhibitor IC261 could induce a decrease in cell survival and proliferation, and an increase in apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Interestingly, IC261 increased the level of aerobic glycolysis in colon cancer cells. Meanwhile, IC261 caused the decrease of p53 protein level and the misregulation of glycolysis related genes (TIGAR, G6PD, GLUT1) which are closely related to the regulation of glycolysis by p53. Inhibiting p53 by siRNA or inhibitor could significantly attenuate the upregulation of aerobic glycolysis induced by IC261. Finally, inhibition of aerobic glycolysis can further increase the cytotoxicity induced by IC261. Collectively, our results revealed that IC261 could inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells and increase the level of aerobic glycolysis, which is regulated by p53-dependent manner. This result suggested that targeting CK1δ/ε and glycolysis might be a valuable strategy treatment and combination therapies for colon cancer. © The author(s).